Cargando…
Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers
Bacterial viruses are among the most numerous biological entities within the human body. These viruses are found within regions of the body that have conventionally been considered sterile, including the blood, lymph, and organs. However, the primary mechanism that bacterial viruses use to bypass ep...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29162715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01874-17 |
_version_ | 1783280791825940480 |
---|---|
author | Nguyen, Sophie Baker, Kristi Padman, Benjamin S. Patwa, Ruzeen Dunstan, Rhys A. Weston, Thomas A. Schlosser, Kyle Bailey, Barbara Lithgow, Trevor Lazarou, Michael Luque, Antoni Rohwer, Forest Blumberg, Richard S. Barr, Jeremy J. |
author_facet | Nguyen, Sophie Baker, Kristi Padman, Benjamin S. Patwa, Ruzeen Dunstan, Rhys A. Weston, Thomas A. Schlosser, Kyle Bailey, Barbara Lithgow, Trevor Lazarou, Michael Luque, Antoni Rohwer, Forest Blumberg, Richard S. Barr, Jeremy J. |
author_sort | Nguyen, Sophie |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bacterial viruses are among the most numerous biological entities within the human body. These viruses are found within regions of the body that have conventionally been considered sterile, including the blood, lymph, and organs. However, the primary mechanism that bacterial viruses use to bypass epithelial cell layers and access the body remains unknown. Here, we used in vitro studies to demonstrate the rapid and directional transcytosis of diverse bacteriophages across confluent cell layers originating from the gut, lung, liver, kidney, and brain. Bacteriophage transcytosis across cell layers had a significant preferential directionality for apical-to-basolateral transport, with approximately 0.1% of total bacteriophages applied being transcytosed over a 2-h period. Bacteriophages were capable of crossing the epithelial cell layer within 10 min with transport not significantly affected by the presence of bacterial endotoxins. Microscopy and cellular assays revealed that bacteriophages accessed both the vesicular and cytosolic compartments of the eukaryotic cell, with phage transcytosis suggested to traffic through the Golgi apparatus via the endomembrane system. Extrapolating from these results, we estimated that 31 billion bacteriophage particles are transcytosed across the epithelial cell layers of the gut into the average human body each day. The transcytosis of bacteriophages is a natural and ubiquitous process that provides a mechanistic explanation for the occurrence of phages within the body. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5698557 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56985572017-11-27 Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers Nguyen, Sophie Baker, Kristi Padman, Benjamin S. Patwa, Ruzeen Dunstan, Rhys A. Weston, Thomas A. Schlosser, Kyle Bailey, Barbara Lithgow, Trevor Lazarou, Michael Luque, Antoni Rohwer, Forest Blumberg, Richard S. Barr, Jeremy J. mBio Research Article Bacterial viruses are among the most numerous biological entities within the human body. These viruses are found within regions of the body that have conventionally been considered sterile, including the blood, lymph, and organs. However, the primary mechanism that bacterial viruses use to bypass epithelial cell layers and access the body remains unknown. Here, we used in vitro studies to demonstrate the rapid and directional transcytosis of diverse bacteriophages across confluent cell layers originating from the gut, lung, liver, kidney, and brain. Bacteriophage transcytosis across cell layers had a significant preferential directionality for apical-to-basolateral transport, with approximately 0.1% of total bacteriophages applied being transcytosed over a 2-h period. Bacteriophages were capable of crossing the epithelial cell layer within 10 min with transport not significantly affected by the presence of bacterial endotoxins. Microscopy and cellular assays revealed that bacteriophages accessed both the vesicular and cytosolic compartments of the eukaryotic cell, with phage transcytosis suggested to traffic through the Golgi apparatus via the endomembrane system. Extrapolating from these results, we estimated that 31 billion bacteriophage particles are transcytosed across the epithelial cell layers of the gut into the average human body each day. The transcytosis of bacteriophages is a natural and ubiquitous process that provides a mechanistic explanation for the occurrence of phages within the body. American Society for Microbiology 2017-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5698557/ /pubmed/29162715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01874-17 Text en Copyright © 2017 Nguyen et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nguyen, Sophie Baker, Kristi Padman, Benjamin S. Patwa, Ruzeen Dunstan, Rhys A. Weston, Thomas A. Schlosser, Kyle Bailey, Barbara Lithgow, Trevor Lazarou, Michael Luque, Antoni Rohwer, Forest Blumberg, Richard S. Barr, Jeremy J. Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers |
title | Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers |
title_full | Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers |
title_fullStr | Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers |
title_short | Bacteriophage Transcytosis Provides a Mechanism To Cross Epithelial Cell Layers |
title_sort | bacteriophage transcytosis provides a mechanism to cross epithelial cell layers |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698557/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29162715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01874-17 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nguyensophie bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT bakerkristi bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT padmanbenjamins bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT patwaruzeen bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT dunstanrhysa bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT westonthomasa bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT schlosserkyle bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT baileybarbara bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT lithgowtrevor bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT lazaroumichael bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT luqueantoni bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT rohwerforest bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT blumbergrichards bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers AT barrjeremyj bacteriophagetranscytosisprovidesamechanismtocrossepithelialcelllayers |