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Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification

Understanding mollusk calcification sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) requires a better knowledge of calcification mechanisms. Especially in rapidly calcifying larval stages, mechanisms of shell formation are largely unexplored—yet these are the most vulnerable life stages. Here we find rapid...

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Autores principales: Ramesh, Kirti, Hu, Marian Y., Thomsen, Jörn, Bleich, Markus, Melzner, Frank
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5700083/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167466
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01806-8
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author Ramesh, Kirti
Hu, Marian Y.
Thomsen, Jörn
Bleich, Markus
Melzner, Frank
author_facet Ramesh, Kirti
Hu, Marian Y.
Thomsen, Jörn
Bleich, Markus
Melzner, Frank
author_sort Ramesh, Kirti
collection PubMed
description Understanding mollusk calcification sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) requires a better knowledge of calcification mechanisms. Especially in rapidly calcifying larval stages, mechanisms of shell formation are largely unexplored—yet these are the most vulnerable life stages. Here we find rapid generation of crystalline shell material in mussel larvae. We find no evidence for intracellular CaCO(3) formation, indicating that mineral formation could be constrained to the calcifying space beneath the shell. Using microelectrodes we show that larvae can increase pH and [CO(3) (2−)] beneath the growing shell, leading to a ~1.5-fold elevation in calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω(arag)). Larvae exposed to OA exhibit a drop in pH, [CO(3) (2−)] and Ω(arag) at the site of calcification, which correlates with decreased shell growth, and, eventually, shell dissolution. Our findings help explain why bivalve larvae can form shells under moderate acidification scenarios and provide a direct link between ocean carbonate chemistry and larval calcification rate.
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spelling pubmed-57000832017-11-24 Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification Ramesh, Kirti Hu, Marian Y. Thomsen, Jörn Bleich, Markus Melzner, Frank Nat Commun Article Understanding mollusk calcification sensitivity to ocean acidification (OA) requires a better knowledge of calcification mechanisms. Especially in rapidly calcifying larval stages, mechanisms of shell formation are largely unexplored—yet these are the most vulnerable life stages. Here we find rapid generation of crystalline shell material in mussel larvae. We find no evidence for intracellular CaCO(3) formation, indicating that mineral formation could be constrained to the calcifying space beneath the shell. Using microelectrodes we show that larvae can increase pH and [CO(3) (2−)] beneath the growing shell, leading to a ~1.5-fold elevation in calcium carbonate saturation state (Ω(arag)). Larvae exposed to OA exhibit a drop in pH, [CO(3) (2−)] and Ω(arag) at the site of calcification, which correlates with decreased shell growth, and, eventually, shell dissolution. Our findings help explain why bivalve larvae can form shells under moderate acidification scenarios and provide a direct link between ocean carbonate chemistry and larval calcification rate. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5700083/ /pubmed/29167466 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01806-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Ramesh, Kirti
Hu, Marian Y.
Thomsen, Jörn
Bleich, Markus
Melzner, Frank
Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification
title Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification
title_full Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification
title_fullStr Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification
title_full_unstemmed Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification
title_short Mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification
title_sort mussel larvae modify calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to promote calcification
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5700083/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29167466
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01806-8
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