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Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia

The distribution of bluetongue viruses (BTV) in Australia is represented by two distinct and interconnected epidemiological systems (episystems)—one distributed primarily in the north and one in the east. The northern episystem is characterised by substantially greater antigenic diversity than the e...

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Autores principales: Firth, Cadhla, Blasdell, Kim R., Amos-Ritchie, Rachel, Sendow, Indrawati, Agnihotri, Kalpana, Boyle, David B., Daniels, Peter, Kirkland, Peter D., Walker, Peter J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701493/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169390
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0488-4
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author Firth, Cadhla
Blasdell, Kim R.
Amos-Ritchie, Rachel
Sendow, Indrawati
Agnihotri, Kalpana
Boyle, David B.
Daniels, Peter
Kirkland, Peter D.
Walker, Peter J.
author_facet Firth, Cadhla
Blasdell, Kim R.
Amos-Ritchie, Rachel
Sendow, Indrawati
Agnihotri, Kalpana
Boyle, David B.
Daniels, Peter
Kirkland, Peter D.
Walker, Peter J.
author_sort Firth, Cadhla
collection PubMed
description The distribution of bluetongue viruses (BTV) in Australia is represented by two distinct and interconnected epidemiological systems (episystems)—one distributed primarily in the north and one in the east. The northern episystem is characterised by substantially greater antigenic diversity than the eastern episystem; yet the forces that act to limit the diversity present in the east remain unclear. Previous work has indicated that the northern episystem is linked to that of island South East Asia and Melanesia, and that BTV present in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor, may act as source populations for new serotypes and genotypes of BTV to enter Australia’s north. In this study, the genomes of 49 bluetongue viruses from the eastern episystem and 13 from Indonesia were sequenced and analysed along with 27 previously published genome sequences from the northern Australian episystem. The results of this analysis confirm that the Australian BTV population has its origins in the South East Asian/Melanesian episystem, and that incursions into northern Australia occur with some regularity. In addition, the presence of limited genetic diversity in the eastern episystem relative to that found in the north supports the presence of substantial, but not complete, barriers to gene flow between the northern and eastern Australian episystems. Genetic bottlenecks between each successive episystem are evident, and appear to be responsible for the reduction in BTV genetic diversity observed in the north to south–east direction. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-017-0488-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-57014932017-12-04 Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia Firth, Cadhla Blasdell, Kim R. Amos-Ritchie, Rachel Sendow, Indrawati Agnihotri, Kalpana Boyle, David B. Daniels, Peter Kirkland, Peter D. Walker, Peter J. Vet Res Research Article The distribution of bluetongue viruses (BTV) in Australia is represented by two distinct and interconnected epidemiological systems (episystems)—one distributed primarily in the north and one in the east. The northern episystem is characterised by substantially greater antigenic diversity than the eastern episystem; yet the forces that act to limit the diversity present in the east remain unclear. Previous work has indicated that the northern episystem is linked to that of island South East Asia and Melanesia, and that BTV present in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor, may act as source populations for new serotypes and genotypes of BTV to enter Australia’s north. In this study, the genomes of 49 bluetongue viruses from the eastern episystem and 13 from Indonesia were sequenced and analysed along with 27 previously published genome sequences from the northern Australian episystem. The results of this analysis confirm that the Australian BTV population has its origins in the South East Asian/Melanesian episystem, and that incursions into northern Australia occur with some regularity. In addition, the presence of limited genetic diversity in the eastern episystem relative to that found in the north supports the presence of substantial, but not complete, barriers to gene flow between the northern and eastern Australian episystems. Genetic bottlenecks between each successive episystem are evident, and appear to be responsible for the reduction in BTV genetic diversity observed in the north to south–east direction. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13567-017-0488-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-11-23 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5701493/ /pubmed/29169390 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0488-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Firth, Cadhla
Blasdell, Kim R.
Amos-Ritchie, Rachel
Sendow, Indrawati
Agnihotri, Kalpana
Boyle, David B.
Daniels, Peter
Kirkland, Peter D.
Walker, Peter J.
Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia
title Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia
title_full Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia
title_fullStr Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia
title_short Genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in Australia and Indonesia
title_sort genomic analysis of bluetongue virus episystems in australia and indonesia
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5701493/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29169390
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-017-0488-4
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