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The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports

Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self...

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Autores principales: Elvers, Paul, Steffens, Jochen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702473/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209257
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02026
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author Elvers, Paul
Steffens, Jochen
author_facet Elvers, Paul
Steffens, Jochen
author_sort Elvers, Paul
collection PubMed
description Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement.
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spelling pubmed-57024732017-12-05 The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports Elvers, Paul Steffens, Jochen Front Psychol Psychology Listening to music before, during, or after sports is a common phenomenon, yet its functions and effects on performance, cognition, and behavior remain to be investigated. In this study we present a novel approach to the role of music in sports and exercise that focuses on the notion of musical self-enhancement (Elvers, 2016). We derived the following hypotheses from this framework: listening to motivational music will (i) enhance self-evaluative cognition, (ii) improve performance in a ball game, and (iii) evoke greater risk-taking behavior. To evaluate the hypotheses, we conducted a between-groups experiment (N = 150) testing the effectiveness of both an experimenter playlist and a participant-selected playlist in comparison to a no-music control condition. All participants performed a ball-throwing task developed by Decharms and Davé (1965), consisting of two parts: First, participants threw the ball from fixed distances into a funnel basket. During this task, performance was measured. In the second part, the participants themselves chose distances from the basket, which allowed their risk-taking behavior to be assessed. The results indicate that listening to motivational music led to greater risk taking but did not improve ball-throwing performance. This effect was more pronounced in male participants and among those who listened to their own playlists. Furthermore, self-selected music enhanced state self-esteem in participants who were performing well but not in those who were performing poorly. We also discuss further implications for the notion of musical self-enhancement. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5702473/ /pubmed/29209257 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02026 Text en Copyright © 2017 Elvers and Steffens. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Elvers, Paul
Steffens, Jochen
The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports
title The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports
title_full The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports
title_fullStr The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports
title_full_unstemmed The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports
title_short The Sound of Success: Investigating Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Motivational Music in Sports
title_sort sound of success: investigating cognitive and behavioral effects of motivational music in sports
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702473/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209257
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02026
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