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mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain
The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a molecular complex equipped with kinase activity which controls cell viability being key in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway. mTOR acts by integrating a number of environmental stimuli to regulate cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and protein synthesis. The...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702949/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29259984 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7082696 |
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author | Ryskalin, Larisa Lazzeri, Gloria Flaibani, Marina Biagioni, Francesca Gambardella, Stefano Frati, Alessandro Fornai, Francesco |
author_facet | Ryskalin, Larisa Lazzeri, Gloria Flaibani, Marina Biagioni, Francesca Gambardella, Stefano Frati, Alessandro Fornai, Francesco |
author_sort | Ryskalin, Larisa |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a molecular complex equipped with kinase activity which controls cell viability being key in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway. mTOR acts by integrating a number of environmental stimuli to regulate cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and protein synthesis. These effects are based on the modulation of different metabolic pathways. Upregulation of mTOR associates with various pathological conditions, such as obesity, neurodegeneration, and brain tumors. This is the case of high-grade gliomas with a high propensity to proliferation and tissue invasion. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant, aggressive, and lethal glioma. To date, a few treatments are available although the outcome of GBM patients remains poor. Experimental and pathological findings suggest that mTOR upregulation plays a major role in determining an aggressive phenotype, thus determining relapse and chemoresistance. Among several activities, mTOR-induced autophagy suppression is key in GBM malignancy. In this article, we discuss recent evidence about mTOR signaling and its role in normal brain development and pathological conditions, with a special emphasis on its role in GBM. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5702949 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57029492017-12-19 mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain Ryskalin, Larisa Lazzeri, Gloria Flaibani, Marina Biagioni, Francesca Gambardella, Stefano Frati, Alessandro Fornai, Francesco Biomed Res Int Review Article The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a molecular complex equipped with kinase activity which controls cell viability being key in the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway. mTOR acts by integrating a number of environmental stimuli to regulate cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, and protein synthesis. These effects are based on the modulation of different metabolic pathways. Upregulation of mTOR associates with various pathological conditions, such as obesity, neurodegeneration, and brain tumors. This is the case of high-grade gliomas with a high propensity to proliferation and tissue invasion. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant, aggressive, and lethal glioma. To date, a few treatments are available although the outcome of GBM patients remains poor. Experimental and pathological findings suggest that mTOR upregulation plays a major role in determining an aggressive phenotype, thus determining relapse and chemoresistance. Among several activities, mTOR-induced autophagy suppression is key in GBM malignancy. In this article, we discuss recent evidence about mTOR signaling and its role in normal brain development and pathological conditions, with a special emphasis on its role in GBM. Hindawi 2017 2017-11-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5702949/ /pubmed/29259984 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7082696 Text en Copyright © 2017 Larisa Ryskalin et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Ryskalin, Larisa Lazzeri, Gloria Flaibani, Marina Biagioni, Francesca Gambardella, Stefano Frati, Alessandro Fornai, Francesco mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain |
title | mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain |
title_full | mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain |
title_fullStr | mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain |
title_full_unstemmed | mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain |
title_short | mTOR-Dependent Cell Proliferation in the Brain |
title_sort | mtor-dependent cell proliferation in the brain |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702949/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29259984 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7082696 |
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