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Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids

The currently widespread and increasing prevalence of resistant bacterial pathogens is a significant medical problem. In clinical strains of staphylococci, the genetic determinants that confer resistance to antimicrobial agents are often located on mobile elements, such as plasmids. Many of these re...

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Autores principales: Kwong, Stephen M., Ramsay, Joshua P., Jensen, Slade O., Firth, Neville
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5703833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29218034
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02279
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author Kwong, Stephen M.
Ramsay, Joshua P.
Jensen, Slade O.
Firth, Neville
author_facet Kwong, Stephen M.
Ramsay, Joshua P.
Jensen, Slade O.
Firth, Neville
author_sort Kwong, Stephen M.
collection PubMed
description The currently widespread and increasing prevalence of resistant bacterial pathogens is a significant medical problem. In clinical strains of staphylococci, the genetic determinants that confer resistance to antimicrobial agents are often located on mobile elements, such as plasmids. Many of these resistance plasmids are capable of horizontal transmission to other bacteria in their surroundings, allowing extraordinarily rapid adaptation of bacterial populations. Once the resistance plasmids have been spread, they are often perpetually maintained in the new host, even in the absence of selective pressure. Plasmid persistence is accomplished by plasmid-encoded genetic systems that ensure efficient replication and segregational stability during cell division. Staphylococcal plasmids utilize proteins of evolutionarily diverse families to initiate replication from the plasmid origin of replication. Several distinctive plasmid copy number control mechanisms have been studied in detail and these appear conserved within plasmid classes. The initiators utilize various strategies and serve a multifunctional role in (i) recognition and processing of the cognate replication origin to an initiation active form and (ii) recruitment of host-encoded replication proteins that facilitate replisome assembly. Understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms that underpin plasmid replication may lead to novel approaches that could be used to reverse or slow the development of resistance.
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spelling pubmed-57038332017-12-07 Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids Kwong, Stephen M. Ramsay, Joshua P. Jensen, Slade O. Firth, Neville Front Microbiol Microbiology The currently widespread and increasing prevalence of resistant bacterial pathogens is a significant medical problem. In clinical strains of staphylococci, the genetic determinants that confer resistance to antimicrobial agents are often located on mobile elements, such as plasmids. Many of these resistance plasmids are capable of horizontal transmission to other bacteria in their surroundings, allowing extraordinarily rapid adaptation of bacterial populations. Once the resistance plasmids have been spread, they are often perpetually maintained in the new host, even in the absence of selective pressure. Plasmid persistence is accomplished by plasmid-encoded genetic systems that ensure efficient replication and segregational stability during cell division. Staphylococcal plasmids utilize proteins of evolutionarily diverse families to initiate replication from the plasmid origin of replication. Several distinctive plasmid copy number control mechanisms have been studied in detail and these appear conserved within plasmid classes. The initiators utilize various strategies and serve a multifunctional role in (i) recognition and processing of the cognate replication origin to an initiation active form and (ii) recruitment of host-encoded replication proteins that facilitate replisome assembly. Understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms that underpin plasmid replication may lead to novel approaches that could be used to reverse or slow the development of resistance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5703833/ /pubmed/29218034 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02279 Text en Copyright © 2017 Kwong, Ramsay, Jensen and Firth. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Kwong, Stephen M.
Ramsay, Joshua P.
Jensen, Slade O.
Firth, Neville
Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids
title Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids
title_full Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids
title_fullStr Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids
title_full_unstemmed Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids
title_short Replication of Staphylococcal Resistance Plasmids
title_sort replication of staphylococcal resistance plasmids
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5703833/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29218034
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02279
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