Cargando…

Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire

INTRODUCTION: The use of generic medicines is a cost-effective policy, often dictated by fiscal restraints. To our knowledge, no fully validated tool exploring the students’ knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines exists. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a questionnaire exp...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Domeyer, Philip J., Aletras, Vassilis, Anagnostopoulos, Fotios, Katsari, Vasiliki, Niakas, Dimitris
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5706728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29186163
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188484
_version_ 1783282278666862592
author Domeyer, Philip J.
Aletras, Vassilis
Anagnostopoulos, Fotios
Katsari, Vasiliki
Niakas, Dimitris
author_facet Domeyer, Philip J.
Aletras, Vassilis
Anagnostopoulos, Fotios
Katsari, Vasiliki
Niakas, Dimitris
author_sort Domeyer, Philip J.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: The use of generic medicines is a cost-effective policy, often dictated by fiscal restraints. To our knowledge, no fully validated tool exploring the students’ knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines exists. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a questionnaire exploring the knowledge and attitudes of M.Sc. in Health Care Management students and recent alumni’s towards generic drugs in Greece. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The development of the questionnaire was a result of literature review and pilot-testing of its preliminary versions to researchers and students. The final version of the questionnaire contains 18 items measuring the respondents’ knowledge and attitude towards generic medicines on a 5-point Likert scale. Given the ordinal nature of the data, ordinal alpha and polychoric correlations were computed. The sample was randomly split into two halves. Exploratory factor analysis, performed in the first sample, was used for the creation of multi-item scales. Confirmatory factor analysis and Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Model analysis (GLLAMM) with the use of the rating scale model were used in the second sample to assess goodness of fit. An assessment of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity was also performed. RESULTS: Among 1402 persons contacted, 986 persons completed our questionnaire (response rate = 70.3%). Overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.871. The conjoint use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a six-scale model, which seemed to fit the data well. Five of the six scales, namely trust, drug quality, state audit, fiscal impact and drug substitution were found to be valid and reliable, while the knowledge scale suffered only from low inter-scale correlations and a ceiling effect. However, the subsequent confirmatory factor and GLLAMM analyses indicated a good fit of the model to the data. CONCLUSIONS: The ATTOGEN instrument proved to be a reliable and valid tool, suitable for assessing students’ knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5706728
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-57067282017-12-08 Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire Domeyer, Philip J. Aletras, Vassilis Anagnostopoulos, Fotios Katsari, Vasiliki Niakas, Dimitris PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: The use of generic medicines is a cost-effective policy, often dictated by fiscal restraints. To our knowledge, no fully validated tool exploring the students’ knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines exists. The aim of our study was to develop and validate a questionnaire exploring the knowledge and attitudes of M.Sc. in Health Care Management students and recent alumni’s towards generic drugs in Greece. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The development of the questionnaire was a result of literature review and pilot-testing of its preliminary versions to researchers and students. The final version of the questionnaire contains 18 items measuring the respondents’ knowledge and attitude towards generic medicines on a 5-point Likert scale. Given the ordinal nature of the data, ordinal alpha and polychoric correlations were computed. The sample was randomly split into two halves. Exploratory factor analysis, performed in the first sample, was used for the creation of multi-item scales. Confirmatory factor analysis and Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Model analysis (GLLAMM) with the use of the rating scale model were used in the second sample to assess goodness of fit. An assessment of internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity was also performed. RESULTS: Among 1402 persons contacted, 986 persons completed our questionnaire (response rate = 70.3%). Overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.871. The conjoint use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a six-scale model, which seemed to fit the data well. Five of the six scales, namely trust, drug quality, state audit, fiscal impact and drug substitution were found to be valid and reliable, while the knowledge scale suffered only from low inter-scale correlations and a ceiling effect. However, the subsequent confirmatory factor and GLLAMM analyses indicated a good fit of the model to the data. CONCLUSIONS: The ATTOGEN instrument proved to be a reliable and valid tool, suitable for assessing students’ knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines. Public Library of Science 2017-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5706728/ /pubmed/29186163 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188484 Text en © 2017 Domeyer et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Domeyer, Philip J.
Aletras, Vassilis
Anagnostopoulos, Fotios
Katsari, Vasiliki
Niakas, Dimitris
Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire
title Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire
title_full Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire
title_fullStr Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire
title_short Development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in Greece: The ATtitude TOwards GENerics (ATTOGEN) questionnaire
title_sort development and validation of a tool to assess knowledge and attitudes towards generic medicines among students in greece: the attitude towards generics (attogen) questionnaire
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5706728/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29186163
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188484
work_keys_str_mv AT domeyerphilipj developmentandvalidationofatooltoassessknowledgeandattitudestowardsgenericmedicinesamongstudentsingreecetheattitudetowardsgenericsattogenquestionnaire
AT aletrasvassilis developmentandvalidationofatooltoassessknowledgeandattitudestowardsgenericmedicinesamongstudentsingreecetheattitudetowardsgenericsattogenquestionnaire
AT anagnostopoulosfotios developmentandvalidationofatooltoassessknowledgeandattitudestowardsgenericmedicinesamongstudentsingreecetheattitudetowardsgenericsattogenquestionnaire
AT katsarivasiliki developmentandvalidationofatooltoassessknowledgeandattitudestowardsgenericmedicinesamongstudentsingreecetheattitudetowardsgenericsattogenquestionnaire
AT niakasdimitris developmentandvalidationofatooltoassessknowledgeandattitudestowardsgenericmedicinesamongstudentsingreecetheattitudetowardsgenericsattogenquestionnaire