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Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes
The relative uptake and mechanisms of lipid-based emulsions of three different particle diameters by Caco-2 cells were studied. The corn oil-sodium caseinate emulsions showed little or no cytotoxicity even at 2 mg/mL protein concentration for any of the three droplet size emulsions. Confocal laser s...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5707566/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29072633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano7110349 |
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author | Fan, Yuting Zhang, Yuzhu Yokoyama, Wally Yi, Jiang |
author_facet | Fan, Yuting Zhang, Yuzhu Yokoyama, Wally Yi, Jiang |
author_sort | Fan, Yuting |
collection | PubMed |
description | The relative uptake and mechanisms of lipid-based emulsions of three different particle diameters by Caco-2 cells were studied. The corn oil-sodium caseinate emulsions showed little or no cytotoxicity even at 2 mg/mL protein concentration for any of the three droplet size emulsions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of Nile red containing emulsions showed that the lipid-based emulsions were absorbed by Caco-2 cells. A negative correlation between the mean droplet size and cellular uptake was observed. There was a time-dependent and energy-dependent uptake as shown by incubation at different times and treatment with sodium azide a general inhibitor of active transport. The endocytosis of lipid-based emulsions was size-dependent. The internalization of nanoemulsion droplets into Caco-2 cells mainly occurred through clathrin- and caveolae/lipid raft-related pathways, while macropinocytosis route played the most important role for 556 nm emulsion endocytosis as shown by the use of specific pathway inhibitors. Permeability of the emulsion through the apical or basal routes also suggested that active transport may be the main route for lipid-based nanoemulsions. The results may assist in the design and application of lipid-based nanoemulsions in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals delivery. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5707566 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57075662017-12-05 Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes Fan, Yuting Zhang, Yuzhu Yokoyama, Wally Yi, Jiang Nanomaterials (Basel) Article The relative uptake and mechanisms of lipid-based emulsions of three different particle diameters by Caco-2 cells were studied. The corn oil-sodium caseinate emulsions showed little or no cytotoxicity even at 2 mg/mL protein concentration for any of the three droplet size emulsions. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of Nile red containing emulsions showed that the lipid-based emulsions were absorbed by Caco-2 cells. A negative correlation between the mean droplet size and cellular uptake was observed. There was a time-dependent and energy-dependent uptake as shown by incubation at different times and treatment with sodium azide a general inhibitor of active transport. The endocytosis of lipid-based emulsions was size-dependent. The internalization of nanoemulsion droplets into Caco-2 cells mainly occurred through clathrin- and caveolae/lipid raft-related pathways, while macropinocytosis route played the most important role for 556 nm emulsion endocytosis as shown by the use of specific pathway inhibitors. Permeability of the emulsion through the apical or basal routes also suggested that active transport may be the main route for lipid-based nanoemulsions. The results may assist in the design and application of lipid-based nanoemulsions in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals delivery. MDPI 2017-10-26 /pmc/articles/PMC5707566/ /pubmed/29072633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano7110349 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Fan, Yuting Zhang, Yuzhu Yokoyama, Wally Yi, Jiang Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes |
title | Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes |
title_full | Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes |
title_fullStr | Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes |
title_full_unstemmed | Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes |
title_short | Endocytosis of Corn Oil-Caseinate Emulsions In Vitro: Impacts of Droplet Sizes |
title_sort | endocytosis of corn oil-caseinate emulsions in vitro: impacts of droplet sizes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5707566/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29072633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano7110349 |
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