Nanostructured MnO(2) as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage

Manganese dioxides, inorganic materials which have been used in industry for more than a century, now find great renewal of interest for storage and conversion of energy applications. In this review article, we report the properties of MnO(2) nanomaterials with different morphologies. Techniques used for the synthesis, structural, physical properties, and electrochemical performances of periodic and aperiodic frameworks are discussed. The effect of the morphology of nanosized MnO(2) particles on their fundamental features is evidenced. Applications as electrodes in lithium batteries and supercapacitors are examined.