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Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi
The biomechanical and ecophysiological properties of plant seed/fruit structures are fundamental to survival in distinct environments. Dispersal of fruits with hard pericarps (fruit coats) encasing seeds has evolved many times independently within taxa that have seed dispersal as their default strat...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5709442/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29192192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02051-9 |
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author | Sperber, Katja Steinbrecher, Tina Graeber, Kai Scherer, Gwydion Clausing, Simon Wiegand, Nils Hourston, James E. Kurre, Rainer Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard Mummenhoff, Klaus |
author_facet | Sperber, Katja Steinbrecher, Tina Graeber, Kai Scherer, Gwydion Clausing, Simon Wiegand, Nils Hourston, James E. Kurre, Rainer Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard Mummenhoff, Klaus |
author_sort | Sperber, Katja |
collection | PubMed |
description | The biomechanical and ecophysiological properties of plant seed/fruit structures are fundamental to survival in distinct environments. Dispersal of fruits with hard pericarps (fruit coats) encasing seeds has evolved many times independently within taxa that have seed dispersal as their default strategy. The mechanisms by which the constraint of a hard pericarp determines germination timing in response to the environment are currently unknown. Here, we show that the hard pericarp of Lepidium didymum controls germination solely by a biomechanical mechanism. Mechanical dormancy is conferred by preventing full phase-II water uptake of the encased non-dormant seed. The lignified endocarp has biomechanically and morphologically distinct regions that serve as predetermined breaking zones. This pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy is released by the activity of common fungi, which weaken these zones by degrading non-lignified pericarp cells. We propose that the hard pericarp with this biomechanical mechanism contributed to the global distribution of this species in distinct environments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5709442 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57094422017-12-04 Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi Sperber, Katja Steinbrecher, Tina Graeber, Kai Scherer, Gwydion Clausing, Simon Wiegand, Nils Hourston, James E. Kurre, Rainer Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard Mummenhoff, Klaus Nat Commun Article The biomechanical and ecophysiological properties of plant seed/fruit structures are fundamental to survival in distinct environments. Dispersal of fruits with hard pericarps (fruit coats) encasing seeds has evolved many times independently within taxa that have seed dispersal as their default strategy. The mechanisms by which the constraint of a hard pericarp determines germination timing in response to the environment are currently unknown. Here, we show that the hard pericarp of Lepidium didymum controls germination solely by a biomechanical mechanism. Mechanical dormancy is conferred by preventing full phase-II water uptake of the encased non-dormant seed. The lignified endocarp has biomechanically and morphologically distinct regions that serve as predetermined breaking zones. This pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy is released by the activity of common fungi, which weaken these zones by degrading non-lignified pericarp cells. We propose that the hard pericarp with this biomechanical mechanism contributed to the global distribution of this species in distinct environments. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5709442/ /pubmed/29192192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02051-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Sperber, Katja Steinbrecher, Tina Graeber, Kai Scherer, Gwydion Clausing, Simon Wiegand, Nils Hourston, James E. Kurre, Rainer Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard Mummenhoff, Klaus Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi |
title | Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi |
title_full | Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi |
title_fullStr | Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi |
title_full_unstemmed | Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi |
title_short | Fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of Lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi |
title_sort | fruit fracture biomechanics and the release of lepidium didymum pericarp-imposed mechanical dormancy by fungi |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5709442/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29192192 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02051-9 |
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