Bilateral uveitis and macular edema induced by Nivolumab: a case report

BACKGROUND: Nivolumab is a fully human antibody which is routinely used at first therapy for metastatic melanoma. Usually, side effects are immune-related adverse events. We report a case of a man who developed bilateral anterior uveitis and macular serous retinal detachment during nivolumab treatment for metastatic melanoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A man on nivolumab treatment for a leg melanoma with duodenal and lymph nodes metastases developed a sudden bilateral visual acuity impairment and bilateral non-painfull redness eyes several days after the third infusion. The clinical examination showed a significant decreased of the visual acuity. Slit lamp examination revealed the presence of bilateral granulomatous keratic precipitates, anterior chamber cells +++, bilateral synechiae, bilateral papilledema and macular edema associated with serous retinal detachment in the left eye. The anti-Programmed cells Death-1 was stopped and a topical corticosteroid treatment was administrated. After 8 days of topical corticosteroid treatment visual acuity was worsening with similar optical coherence tomography examination. An oral corticosteroid treatment was started. Evolution was favorable with a decrease of ocular inflammation and a complete visual acuity recovery after 3 weeks. Nivolumab was re-initiated. CONCLUSIONS: This is the second clinical report of bilateral anterior uveitis associated with macular serous retinal detachment related to anti-PD-1 treatment, and the first with nivolumab. Cases of uveitis were reported several times. Although rare, ophthalmologic manifestations that are rapidly recognized and adequately managed can be treated.