Adiponectin/resistin interplay in serum and in adipose tissue of obese and normal-weight individuals

BACKGROUND: The interplay between adiponectin and resistin, the two adipokines of opposite effects, may determine the metabolic profile of obese individuals and development of obesity-related complications. The current study was conducted to assess how adiponectin/resistin interplay in sera and adipose tissues may influence the metabolic profile of obese and normal-weight subjects. METHODS: Concentrations of adiponectin and resistin were measured on protein level by immunoassay in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from 50 obese (body mass index > 40 kg/m(2)) and 28 normal-weight (body mass index 20–24.9 kg/m(2)) individuals. Simultaneously expression of ADIPOQ and RETN (encoding adiponectin and resistin, respectively) was assessed on mRNA level by real-time PCR. RESULTS: ADIPOQ mRNA (P = 0.0001) and adiponectin protein (P = 0.0013) levels were lower, while RETN mRNA (P = 0.0338) and resistin (P < 0.0001)—higher in subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects. ADIPOQ and RETN mRNA levels did not correlate with protein concentrations in the investigated adipose tissues. In obesity adiponectin serum concentrations correlated positively with ADIPOQ mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 0.005) and negatively with protein levels in visceral adipose tissue (P = 0.001). Obesity was associated with higher adiponectin–resistin index value in sera (P < 0.0001) and decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.001), but only adiponectin–resistin index measured in sera was significantly higher in obese with the metabolic syndrome (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity affects synthesis of adiponectin and resistin mainly in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The adiponectin–resistin index assessed in the adipose tissues has a different prognostic value compared to the adiponectin–resistin index in serum and does not reflect a metabolic risk in obese individuals.