How Much Can We do by Reverse Superficial Sural Artery Flap to Potentiate Its Effects: Introducing Spout Sural Flap as a New Modification

BACKGROUND: Due to shortage of local donor tissue and unreliable blood supply, free flaps were the mainstay of treatment for tissue defects in the lower leg and foot region, but it requires a qualified microvascular surgeon. Recently, attention has been paid to reverse superficial sural artery flap (RSSAF) and its modifications as a good alternative to pave the way to simple and friendly techniques. METHODS: Excluding each patient with septic and severely ischemic foot, every patient with tissue defect in distal leg and proximal foot region were studied. Various methods were applied including spout technique with sufficient follow up. No imaging was used to evaluate the blood supply. RESULTS: Five patients underwent spout technique with excellent results in four cases. Spout technique in one case failed due to narrow base. In five cases, RSSAF was performed with creating skin tunnel and very good results. CONCLUSION: RSSAF is a good alternative for free flap to cover the leg and foot tissue defects. We also advise wide base pedicle (>4 cm) in every patient.