Self-Management and Clinical Decision Support for Patients With Complex Chronic Conditions Through the Use of Smartphone-Based Telemonitoring: Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol

BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of chronic illnesses hinders the sustainability of the health care system because of the high cost of frequent hospitalizations of patients with complex chronic conditions. Clinical trials have demonstrated that telemonitoring can improve health outcomes, but they have generally been limited to single conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or heart failure. Few studies have examined the impact of telemonitoring on complex patients with multiple chronic conditions, although these patients may benefit the most from this technology. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a smartphone-based telemonitoring system on the clinical care and health outcomes of complex patients across several chronic conditions. METHODS: A mixed-methods, 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a smartphone-based telemonitoring system is being conducted in specialty clinics. The study will include patients who have been diagnosed with one or more of any of the following conditions: heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, uncontrolled hypertension, or insulin-requiring diabetes. The primary outcome will be the health status of patients as measured with SF-36. Patients will be randomly assigned to either the control group receiving usual care (n=73) or the group using the smartphone-based telemonitoring system in addition to usual care (n=73). RESULTS: Participants are currently being recruited for the trial. Data collection is anticipated to be completed by the fall of 2018. CONCLUSIONS: This RCT will be among the first trials to provide evidence of the impact of telemonitoring on costs and health outcomes of complex patients who may have multiple chronic conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 41238563; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN41238563 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6ug2Sk0af) and Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03127852; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03127852 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6uvjNosBC)