Inhibitory Effects of Pterodon emarginatus Bean Oil and Extract on Staphylococcus aureus

BACKGROUND: Pterodon emarginatus is a tree of the Brazilian Savannah. The beans of this tree are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory preparations, especially for infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria can cause simple infections or serious illnesses such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, septicemia, and others. OBJECTIVE: This study had the goal of verifying the effect of the essential oil (OE) from P. emarginatus on the inhibition of S. aureus in culture medium, i.e., “ in vitro” tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The vegetable material was cut and crushed with a press. The OE was obtained by extraction using hexane, alcohol, and water. The P. emarginatus extracts obtained were used to evaluate the antimicrobial effect on S. aureus (ATCC 25923) by tests of well diffusion, disc diffusion, and microdilution. The strain used in the assays was maintained in brain heart infusion broth and nutrient agar until testing. Afterward, the bacteria were spread on agar plates with Mueller-Hinton agar medium. In the wells and on the paper discs, the OE suspensions were placed in the following volumes: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 80 μL and subsequently they were incubated at 35°C ± 2°C. After 24 h, the number of colony-forming unit was determined. RESULTS: Pure OE and hydroalcoholic extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus, while aqueous extract had no effect on bacterial growth in all microbial methods used. CONCLUSION: Thus, the present study showed the potential of sucupira-based extracts against S. aureus growth, opening new perspectives for the evaluation of these bioactive compounds as phytopharmaceutical products. SUMMARY: Plant extract act as antimicrobials to prevent and reduce bacterial contamination. Beans of Pterodon emarginatus has antibacterial properties. Extraction with different solvents might implicate on the rate of bacterial death. The effect of different microbiological methods (well diffusion, disc diffusion and microdilution) was evaluated on reducing CFU. The results showed by MBC that concentrations superior to 10% (v/v) using AC and 7.5% (v/v) using OE were necessary to eliminate colonies formed. According to data of MIC, at 2.5% of AC and OE was enough to kill S. aureus. The well diffusion technique demonstrated better performance than disc diffusion test for OE and AC extracts. Hydroalcoholic and oil extracts of sucupira beans had highest effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Aqueous extract had no effect on bacterial growth in all microbial methods tested. The sucupira-based extracts is a promising source as herbal drug due to therapeutic value. [Image: see text] Abbreviations Used: OE: Essencial oil; AC: Hydroalcoholic oil extract; AQ: Aqueous extracts; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; MBC: Minimum bactericidal concentration; CFU: Colony formed unit.