Syndrome cardio-rénal: aspects épidémiologiques, à propos de 36 cas dans un service de cardiologie de Dakar

INTRODUCTION: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathophysiologic disorder of the heart and the kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction of the other. In Africa, particularly in Senegal, the incidence of cardiorenal syndrome is not accurately known. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of CRS in the Cardiology Department. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including all patients with heart failure associated with alteration of renal function, hospitalized in the Cardiology Department between April 2010 and April 2011. Data were analyzed with the statistical software Epi-Info 3.5.3. RESULTS: 36 patients were included in the study. The prevalence rate was 3.7% with male predominance (sex-ratio 1.77) and an average age of 56.9 years [30-92]. Patients’ medical history was dominated by high blood pressure (52.77%) and diabetes (19.4%). The main etiologies were hypertensive cardiomyopathy (39%) and coronary heart disease (19.44%). The symptomatology was dominated by dyspnoea (69.4%) and edema (50%). 17 patients had anemia. The mean measured clearance (MDRD) was 46 ml/min. Doppler echocardiography showed mainly kinetic disorders (89.3%) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (71%). The three renal ultrasound examinations were normal. Six deaths (16.7%) were recorded. CONCLUSION: Cardiorenal syndrome is a reality and marks a turning point in the evolution of heart and kidney diseases. In Senegal, its prevalence in the Cardiology Department is low. Prospective multicentric studies should be conducted in order to better evaluate this syndrome in Senegal.