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Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields
BACKGROUND: Ustilago esculenta, a pathogenic basidiomycete fungus, infects Zizania latifolia to form edible galls named Jiaobai in China. The distinct growth conditions of U. esculenta induced Z. latifolia to form three different phenotypes, named male Jiaobai, grey Jiaobai and white Jiaobai. The ai...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719756/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-017-1138-8 |
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author | Zhang, Yafen Cao, Qianchao Hu, Peng Cui, Haifeng Yu, Xiaoping Ye, Zihong |
author_facet | Zhang, Yafen Cao, Qianchao Hu, Peng Cui, Haifeng Yu, Xiaoping Ye, Zihong |
author_sort | Zhang, Yafen |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Ustilago esculenta, a pathogenic basidiomycete fungus, infects Zizania latifolia to form edible galls named Jiaobai in China. The distinct growth conditions of U. esculenta induced Z. latifolia to form three different phenotypes, named male Jiaobai, grey Jiaobai and white Jiaobai. The aim of this study is to characterize the genetic and morphological differences that distinguish the two U. esculenta strains. RESULTS: In this study, sexually compatible haploid sporidia UeT14/UeT55 from grey Jiaobai (T strains) and UeMT10/UeMT46 from white Jiaobai (MT strains) were isolated. Meanwhile, we successfully established mating and inoculation assays. Great differences were observed between the T and MT strains. First, the MT strains had a defect in development, including lower teliospore formation frequency and germination rate, a slower growth rate and a lower growth mass. Second, they differed in the assimilation of nitrogen sources in that the T strains preferred urea and the MT strains preferred arginine. In addition, the MT strains were more sensitive to external signals, including pH and oxidative stress. Third, the MT strains showed an infection defect, resulting in an endophytic life in the host. This was in accordance with multiple mutated pathogenic genes discovered in the MT strains by the non-synonymous mutation analysis of the genome re-sequencing data between the MT and T strains (GenBank accession numbers of the genome re-sequencing data: JTLW00000000 for MT strains and SRR5889164 for T strains). CONCLUSION: The MT strains appeared to have defects in growth and infection and were more sensitive to external signals compared to the T strains. They displayed an absolutely stable endophytic life in the host without an infection cycle. Accordingly, they had multiple gene mutations occurring, especially in pathogenicity. In contrast, the T strains, as phytopathogens, had a complete survival life cycle, in which the formation of teliospores is important for adaption and infection, leading to the appearance of the grey phenotype. Further studies elucidating the molecular differences between the U. esculenta strains causing differential host phenotypes will help to improve the production and formation of edible white galls. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1138-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5719756 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57197562017-12-11 Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields Zhang, Yafen Cao, Qianchao Hu, Peng Cui, Haifeng Yu, Xiaoping Ye, Zihong BMC Microbiol Research Article BACKGROUND: Ustilago esculenta, a pathogenic basidiomycete fungus, infects Zizania latifolia to form edible galls named Jiaobai in China. The distinct growth conditions of U. esculenta induced Z. latifolia to form three different phenotypes, named male Jiaobai, grey Jiaobai and white Jiaobai. The aim of this study is to characterize the genetic and morphological differences that distinguish the two U. esculenta strains. RESULTS: In this study, sexually compatible haploid sporidia UeT14/UeT55 from grey Jiaobai (T strains) and UeMT10/UeMT46 from white Jiaobai (MT strains) were isolated. Meanwhile, we successfully established mating and inoculation assays. Great differences were observed between the T and MT strains. First, the MT strains had a defect in development, including lower teliospore formation frequency and germination rate, a slower growth rate and a lower growth mass. Second, they differed in the assimilation of nitrogen sources in that the T strains preferred urea and the MT strains preferred arginine. In addition, the MT strains were more sensitive to external signals, including pH and oxidative stress. Third, the MT strains showed an infection defect, resulting in an endophytic life in the host. This was in accordance with multiple mutated pathogenic genes discovered in the MT strains by the non-synonymous mutation analysis of the genome re-sequencing data between the MT and T strains (GenBank accession numbers of the genome re-sequencing data: JTLW00000000 for MT strains and SRR5889164 for T strains). CONCLUSION: The MT strains appeared to have defects in growth and infection and were more sensitive to external signals compared to the T strains. They displayed an absolutely stable endophytic life in the host without an infection cycle. Accordingly, they had multiple gene mutations occurring, especially in pathogenicity. In contrast, the T strains, as phytopathogens, had a complete survival life cycle, in which the formation of teliospores is important for adaption and infection, leading to the appearance of the grey phenotype. Further studies elucidating the molecular differences between the U. esculenta strains causing differential host phenotypes will help to improve the production and formation of edible white galls. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1138-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5719756/ /pubmed/29212471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-017-1138-8 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhang, Yafen Cao, Qianchao Hu, Peng Cui, Haifeng Yu, Xiaoping Ye, Zihong Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields |
title | Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields |
title_full | Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields |
title_fullStr | Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields |
title_short | Investigation on the differentiation of two Ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields |
title_sort | investigation on the differentiation of two ustilago esculenta strains - implications of a relationship with the host phenotypes appearing in the fields |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5719756/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29212471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12866-017-1138-8 |
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