Protecting patients by training physicians in fluoroscopic radiation management

During the past 15 years, developments in x‐ray technologies have substantially enhanced the ability of practitioners to treat patients using fluoroscopically guided interventional techniques. However, many of these procedures require a greater use of fluoroscopy and serial imaging (cine). This has increased the potential for radiation‐induced dermatitis, epilation, and severe radiation‐induced burns to patients. It has also increased the potential for radiation injury and radiation‐induced cancer in personnel. This work will describe a number of the cases that have appeared in the literature and current recommendations and credentialing requirements of various organizations whose members use fluoroscopy. Finally, a program for implementing training of physicians in radiation management as a means of reducing the risk of injury to patients and personnel is recommended. PACS number(s): 87.52.–g, 87.90.+y