Radius and Ulna Stress Fractures in a Patient with Neuromyelitis Optica: A Case Report

INTRODUCTION: Stress fractures are more common in the weight-bearing bones of the lower limb and are particularly prevalent in athletes. Whereas, those of the upper limb are usually reported as unique events in rare circumstances. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 40-year-old White British female with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) who mobilized in a wheelchair and presented to our center in April 2016 with a week-long history of a hot, swollen, and unstable right forearm. Plain radiographs demonstrated fractures of both the radius and ulna of the dominant right arm. These were managed by open reduction and internal fixation to facilitate mobility and transfer using the forearm. Intra-operatively, these were confirmed to be fatigue fractures, and there was evidence that the fracture was several days old. The neurological deficit in this patient had led to a delayed presentation owing to the lack of pain. Unfortunately, this construct failed within 8days, and a refixation was performed 2months later. 1year following the revision, no further problems have been reported, and there has been satisfactory union. CONCLUSION: This is the first report in the published literature of a stress fracture in a patient with NMO. We recommend screening for stress fractures with a nuclear bone scan in patients who mobilize in atypical ways, particularly if their sensation is compromised. The use of constructs stronger than those routinely applied to the upper limb should also be considered if patients are weight bearing through their arms.