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Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism
OBJECTIVE: Late-onset hypogonadism, or androgen deficiency in the aging male, is a significant cause of morbidity in older men. Many men in the low normal or equivocal range for low testosterone level exhibit signs and symptoms of hypogonadism. Serum testosterone is an imperfect maker for hypogonadi...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Second Military Medical University
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5730903/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29264199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2016.11.002 |
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author | Gupta, Nikhil Carvajal, Maria Jurewicz, Michael Gilbert, Bruce R. |
author_facet | Gupta, Nikhil Carvajal, Maria Jurewicz, Michael Gilbert, Bruce R. |
author_sort | Gupta, Nikhil |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Late-onset hypogonadism, or androgen deficiency in the aging male, is a significant cause of morbidity in older men. Many men in the low normal or equivocal range for low testosterone level exhibit signs and symptoms of hypogonadism. Serum testosterone is an imperfect maker for hypogonadism as symptoms vary greatly within the low to low normal range in addition to variations among testosterone assays. Perineal ultrasound can be effectively used to examine the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM), an androgenized tissue that may be impacted by androgen receptor activity. METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of men who underwent perineal ultrasound for hypogonadism. The ultrasound data were used to calculate the area of the BCM and correlate it with indices of hypogonadismin symptomatic men including free and total testosterone and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS: The results demonstrate that there is a significant correlation between total and free testosterone and BCM area in hypogonadal patients. Comparison between BCM area and total testosterone showed R(2) = 0.061 and p = 0.0187 and comparison between BCM area and free testosterone showed R(2) = 0.0957 and p = 0.0034. In addition, low BCM was also correlated with DEXA results showing osteoporosis and osteopenia (R(2) = 0.2239, p = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: There has been recent controversy over the safety of testosterone replacement therapy. This might be particularly important in men with hypogonadal symptoms but a low normal testosterone level. Our study investigated the use of perineal ultrasound to measure BCM as a surrogate marker for poor androgenized men presenting with hypogonadism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5730903 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Second Military Medical University |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57309032017-12-20 Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism Gupta, Nikhil Carvajal, Maria Jurewicz, Michael Gilbert, Bruce R. Asian J Urol Original Article OBJECTIVE: Late-onset hypogonadism, or androgen deficiency in the aging male, is a significant cause of morbidity in older men. Many men in the low normal or equivocal range for low testosterone level exhibit signs and symptoms of hypogonadism. Serum testosterone is an imperfect maker for hypogonadism as symptoms vary greatly within the low to low normal range in addition to variations among testosterone assays. Perineal ultrasound can be effectively used to examine the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM), an androgenized tissue that may be impacted by androgen receptor activity. METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of men who underwent perineal ultrasound for hypogonadism. The ultrasound data were used to calculate the area of the BCM and correlate it with indices of hypogonadismin symptomatic men including free and total testosterone and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS: The results demonstrate that there is a significant correlation between total and free testosterone and BCM area in hypogonadal patients. Comparison between BCM area and total testosterone showed R(2) = 0.061 and p = 0.0187 and comparison between BCM area and free testosterone showed R(2) = 0.0957 and p = 0.0034. In addition, low BCM was also correlated with DEXA results showing osteoporosis and osteopenia (R(2) = 0.2239, p = 0.0027). CONCLUSION: There has been recent controversy over the safety of testosterone replacement therapy. This might be particularly important in men with hypogonadal symptoms but a low normal testosterone level. Our study investigated the use of perineal ultrasound to measure BCM as a surrogate marker for poor androgenized men presenting with hypogonadism. Second Military Medical University 2017-01 2016-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5730903/ /pubmed/29264199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2016.11.002 Text en © 2017 Editorial Office of Asian Journal of Urology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Article Gupta, Nikhil Carvajal, Maria Jurewicz, Michael Gilbert, Bruce R. Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism |
title | Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism |
title_full | Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism |
title_fullStr | Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism |
title_full_unstemmed | Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism |
title_short | Bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism |
title_sort | bulbocavernosus muscle area as a novel marker for hypogonadism |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5730903/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29264199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2016.11.002 |
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