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Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress

Ocean warming is a major threat to coral reefs, leading to an increasing frequency and amplitude of coral bleaching events, where the coral and its algal symbiont associations breakdown. Long-term change and resilience of a symbiont community in coral juveniles is thought to be one of the most impor...

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Autores principales: Yorifuji, Makiko, Harii, Saki, Nakamura, Ryota, Fudo, Masayuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5732543/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255647
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4055
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author Yorifuji, Makiko
Harii, Saki
Nakamura, Ryota
Fudo, Masayuki
author_facet Yorifuji, Makiko
Harii, Saki
Nakamura, Ryota
Fudo, Masayuki
author_sort Yorifuji, Makiko
collection PubMed
description Ocean warming is a major threat to coral reefs, leading to an increasing frequency and amplitude of coral bleaching events, where the coral and its algal symbiont associations breakdown. Long-term change and resilience of a symbiont community in coral juveniles is thought to be one of the most important aspects for determining thermal tolerance of the coral holobionts; however, despite its importance, they are not well documented in both under elevated temperature and even under natural condition. Here we investigated changes in symbiont communities in juveniles of the coral Acropora tenuis under controlled heat stress conditions (30 °C, 31/32 °C) and natural variations in seawater temperatures (19–30 °C) for up to four months. Compared with the ambient temperature conditions, coral survival rates were higher when exposed to 30 °C, but survival rates decreased when exposed to 31/32 °C. Symbiodinium types A3, C1, and D1-4 were detected in the juveniles under all thermal conditions; however, in higher water temperatures (31/32 °C), both the prevalence of D1-4 Symbiodinium and the number of juveniles harboring only this type of symbiont increased after two to four months later. In contrast, colonies at lower temperatures (30 °C and ambient) harbored multiple clades of symbionts over the same experimental period. These results highlight the flexibility of the coral–Symbiodinium symbiosis for juvenile A. tenuis under variable thermal conditions. In particular, the benefit of the preferential association with type D1-4 can be considered as a response when under heat-stress conditions, and that could help corals to cope with ocean warming.
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spelling pubmed-57325432017-12-18 Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress Yorifuji, Makiko Harii, Saki Nakamura, Ryota Fudo, Masayuki PeerJ Biodiversity Ocean warming is a major threat to coral reefs, leading to an increasing frequency and amplitude of coral bleaching events, where the coral and its algal symbiont associations breakdown. Long-term change and resilience of a symbiont community in coral juveniles is thought to be one of the most important aspects for determining thermal tolerance of the coral holobionts; however, despite its importance, they are not well documented in both under elevated temperature and even under natural condition. Here we investigated changes in symbiont communities in juveniles of the coral Acropora tenuis under controlled heat stress conditions (30 °C, 31/32 °C) and natural variations in seawater temperatures (19–30 °C) for up to four months. Compared with the ambient temperature conditions, coral survival rates were higher when exposed to 30 °C, but survival rates decreased when exposed to 31/32 °C. Symbiodinium types A3, C1, and D1-4 were detected in the juveniles under all thermal conditions; however, in higher water temperatures (31/32 °C), both the prevalence of D1-4 Symbiodinium and the number of juveniles harboring only this type of symbiont increased after two to four months later. In contrast, colonies at lower temperatures (30 °C and ambient) harbored multiple clades of symbionts over the same experimental period. These results highlight the flexibility of the coral–Symbiodinium symbiosis for juvenile A. tenuis under variable thermal conditions. In particular, the benefit of the preferential association with type D1-4 can be considered as a response when under heat-stress conditions, and that could help corals to cope with ocean warming. PeerJ Inc. 2017-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5732543/ /pubmed/29255647 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4055 Text en ©2017 Yorifuji et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Biodiversity
Yorifuji, Makiko
Harii, Saki
Nakamura, Ryota
Fudo, Masayuki
Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
title Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
title_full Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
title_fullStr Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
title_full_unstemmed Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
title_short Shift of symbiont communities in Acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
title_sort shift of symbiont communities in acropora tenuis juveniles under heat stress
topic Biodiversity
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5732543/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255647
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4055
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