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Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections

Over the past several years, new populations of innate lymphocytes have been described in mice and primates that are critical for mucosal homeostasis, microbial regulation, and immune defense. Generally conserved from mice to humans, innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have been divided primarily into three...

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Autores principales: Shah, Spandan V., Manickam, Cordelia, Ram, Daniel R., Reeves, R. Keith
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5733347/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326704
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01818
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author Shah, Spandan V.
Manickam, Cordelia
Ram, Daniel R.
Reeves, R. Keith
author_facet Shah, Spandan V.
Manickam, Cordelia
Ram, Daniel R.
Reeves, R. Keith
author_sort Shah, Spandan V.
collection PubMed
description Over the past several years, new populations of innate lymphocytes have been described in mice and primates that are critical for mucosal homeostasis, microbial regulation, and immune defense. Generally conserved from mice to humans, innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have been divided primarily into three subpopulations based on phenotypic and functional repertoires: ILC1 bear similarities to natural killer cells; ILC2 have overlapping functions with TH2 cells; and ILC3 that share many functions with TH17/TH22 cells. ILC are specifically enriched at mucosal surfaces and are possibly one of the earliest responders during viral infections besides being involved in the homeostasis of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and maintenance of gut epithelial barrier integrity. Burgeoning evidence also suggests that there is an early and sustained abrogation of ILC function and numbers during HIV and pathogenic SIV infections, most notably ILC3 in the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to disruption of the mucosal barrier and dysregulation of the local immune system. A better understanding of the direct or indirect mechanisms of loss and dysfunction will be critical to immunotherapeutics aimed at restoring these cells. Herein, we review the current literature on ILC with a particular emphasis on ILC3 and their role(s) in mucosal immunology and the significance of disrupting the ILC niche during HIV and SIV infections.
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spelling pubmed-57333472018-01-11 Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections Shah, Spandan V. Manickam, Cordelia Ram, Daniel R. Reeves, R. Keith Front Immunol Immunology Over the past several years, new populations of innate lymphocytes have been described in mice and primates that are critical for mucosal homeostasis, microbial regulation, and immune defense. Generally conserved from mice to humans, innate lymphoid cells (ILC) have been divided primarily into three subpopulations based on phenotypic and functional repertoires: ILC1 bear similarities to natural killer cells; ILC2 have overlapping functions with TH2 cells; and ILC3 that share many functions with TH17/TH22 cells. ILC are specifically enriched at mucosal surfaces and are possibly one of the earliest responders during viral infections besides being involved in the homeostasis of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and maintenance of gut epithelial barrier integrity. Burgeoning evidence also suggests that there is an early and sustained abrogation of ILC function and numbers during HIV and pathogenic SIV infections, most notably ILC3 in the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to disruption of the mucosal barrier and dysregulation of the local immune system. A better understanding of the direct or indirect mechanisms of loss and dysfunction will be critical to immunotherapeutics aimed at restoring these cells. Herein, we review the current literature on ILC with a particular emphasis on ILC3 and their role(s) in mucosal immunology and the significance of disrupting the ILC niche during HIV and SIV infections. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5733347/ /pubmed/29326704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01818 Text en Copyright © 2017 Shah, Manickam, Ram and Reeves. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Shah, Spandan V.
Manickam, Cordelia
Ram, Daniel R.
Reeves, R. Keith
Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections
title Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections
title_full Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections
title_fullStr Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections
title_full_unstemmed Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections
title_short Innate Lymphoid Cells in HIV/SIV Infections
title_sort innate lymphoid cells in hiv/siv infections
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5733347/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326704
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01818
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