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Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae

The nematode family Strongyloididae is of particular interest because it contains important parasites of medical and veterinary relevance. In addition, species of this family can form parasitic and free-living generations and it also occupies an interesting phylogenetic position within the nematodes...

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Autores principales: Holz, Anja, Streit, Adrian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5737618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29036592
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evx197
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author Holz, Anja
Streit, Adrian
author_facet Holz, Anja
Streit, Adrian
author_sort Holz, Anja
collection PubMed
description The nematode family Strongyloididae is of particular interest because it contains important parasites of medical and veterinary relevance. In addition, species of this family can form parasitic and free-living generations and it also occupies an interesting phylogenetic position within the nematodes. Nematodes differ in several ways from other taxa with respect to their small noncoding RNAs. Recent comparative studies revealed that there is also considerable variability within the nematodes. However, no Strongyloididae species or close relative was included in these studies. We characterized the small RNAs of two developmental stages of three different Strongyloididae species and compared them with the well-studied free-living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus. Strongyloididae have conserved and taxon-specific microRNAs, many of which are differentially regulated between the two developmental stages. We identified a novel class of around 27-nucleotide-long RNAs starting with 5′G or A, of which a large fraction have the potential to target transposable elements. These RNAs most likely have triphosphates at their 5′ ends and are therefore presumably synthesized by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. In contrast to C. elegans but similarly to some other nematode taxa, Strongyloididae have no Piwi-interacting RNAs, nor do their genomes encode Argonaute proteins of the Piwi family. Finally, we attempted but failed to detect circulating parasite small RNAs in the blood of hosts.
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spelling pubmed-57376182018-01-04 Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae Holz, Anja Streit, Adrian Genome Biol Evol Research Article The nematode family Strongyloididae is of particular interest because it contains important parasites of medical and veterinary relevance. In addition, species of this family can form parasitic and free-living generations and it also occupies an interesting phylogenetic position within the nematodes. Nematodes differ in several ways from other taxa with respect to their small noncoding RNAs. Recent comparative studies revealed that there is also considerable variability within the nematodes. However, no Strongyloididae species or close relative was included in these studies. We characterized the small RNAs of two developmental stages of three different Strongyloididae species and compared them with the well-studied free-living nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Pristionchus pacificus. Strongyloididae have conserved and taxon-specific microRNAs, many of which are differentially regulated between the two developmental stages. We identified a novel class of around 27-nucleotide-long RNAs starting with 5′G or A, of which a large fraction have the potential to target transposable elements. These RNAs most likely have triphosphates at their 5′ ends and are therefore presumably synthesized by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. In contrast to C. elegans but similarly to some other nematode taxa, Strongyloididae have no Piwi-interacting RNAs, nor do their genomes encode Argonaute proteins of the Piwi family. Finally, we attempted but failed to detect circulating parasite small RNAs in the blood of hosts. Oxford University Press 2017-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC5737618/ /pubmed/29036592 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evx197 Text en © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Research Article
Holz, Anja
Streit, Adrian
Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae
title Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae
title_full Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae
title_fullStr Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae
title_full_unstemmed Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae
title_short Gain and Loss of Small RNA Classes—Characterization of Small RNAs in the Parasitic Nematode Family Strongyloididae
title_sort gain and loss of small rna classes—characterization of small rnas in the parasitic nematode family strongyloididae
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5737618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29036592
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evx197
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