Management of iatrogenic renal arteriovenous fistula and renal arterial pseudoaneurysm by transarterial embolization: A single center analysis and outcomes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial embolization (TAE) for iatrogenic renal arterial pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula at our center. Our retrospective analysis included 27 patients who received TAE for iatrogenic renal arterial pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula between January 2006 and January 2016. Data on demographics, type of minimally invasive renal procedures, clinical manifestation, imaging features, embolization procedure, and perioperative details were collected. The technical and clinical success rates were analyzed. Furthermore, the changes in serum creatinine and eGFR before and after embolization were recorded and compared by t test. The median time between iatrogenic renal injury and TAE was 3 days (range, 0–110 days), with most patients (24/27, 88.9%) receiving TAE within 14 days. Only 1 patient was diagnosed with renal artery pseudoaneurysm 110 days after laproscopic partial nephrectomy. The technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 96.3%, respectively, with 1 patient requiring a second embolotherapy at the third postoperative day. No other patient required additional endovascular or surgical intervention due to recurrent hemorrhage. The mean serum creatinine before TAE was 92.8 ± 25.3 μmol/L and after TAE, 96.1 ± 27.7 μmol/L (P = .095). The eGFR of pre- and postembolization was 75.2 ± 26.5 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and 72.5 ± 26.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (P = .16). No severe complications were observed during follow-up. This retrospective review demonstrated that TAE for the treatment of iatrogenic renal artery pseudoaneurysm and/or arteriovenous fistula was safe and associated with high technical and clinical success rate.