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Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation

During neurite development, Actin Waves (AWs) emerge at the neurite base and move up to its tip, causing a transient retraction of the Growth Cone (GC). Many studies have shown that AWs are linked to outbursts of neurite growth and, therefore, contribute to the fast elongation of the nascent axon. U...

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Autores principales: Mortal, Simone, Iseppon, Federico, Perissinotto, Andrea, D'Este, Elisa, Cojoc, Dan, Napolitano, Luisa M. R., Torre, Vincent
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5741660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00402
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author Mortal, Simone
Iseppon, Federico
Perissinotto, Andrea
D'Este, Elisa
Cojoc, Dan
Napolitano, Luisa M. R.
Torre, Vincent
author_facet Mortal, Simone
Iseppon, Federico
Perissinotto, Andrea
D'Este, Elisa
Cojoc, Dan
Napolitano, Luisa M. R.
Torre, Vincent
author_sort Mortal, Simone
collection PubMed
description During neurite development, Actin Waves (AWs) emerge at the neurite base and move up to its tip, causing a transient retraction of the Growth Cone (GC). Many studies have shown that AWs are linked to outbursts of neurite growth and, therefore, contribute to the fast elongation of the nascent axon. Using long term live cell-imaging, we show that AWs do not boost neurite outgrowth and that neurites without AWs can elongate for several hundred microns. Inhibition of Myosin II abolishes the transient GC retraction and strongly modifies the AWs morphology. Super-resolution nanoscopy shows that Myosin IIB shapes the growth cone-like AWs structure and is differently distributed in AWs and GCs. Interestingly, depletion of membrane cholesterol and inhibition of Rho GTPases decrease AWs frequency and velocity. Our results indicate that Myosin IIB, membrane tension, and small Rho GTPases are important players in the regulation of the AW dynamics. Finally, we suggest a role for AWs in maintaining the GCs active during environmental exploration.
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spelling pubmed-57416602018-01-11 Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation Mortal, Simone Iseppon, Federico Perissinotto, Andrea D'Este, Elisa Cojoc, Dan Napolitano, Luisa M. R. Torre, Vincent Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience During neurite development, Actin Waves (AWs) emerge at the neurite base and move up to its tip, causing a transient retraction of the Growth Cone (GC). Many studies have shown that AWs are linked to outbursts of neurite growth and, therefore, contribute to the fast elongation of the nascent axon. Using long term live cell-imaging, we show that AWs do not boost neurite outgrowth and that neurites without AWs can elongate for several hundred microns. Inhibition of Myosin II abolishes the transient GC retraction and strongly modifies the AWs morphology. Super-resolution nanoscopy shows that Myosin IIB shapes the growth cone-like AWs structure and is differently distributed in AWs and GCs. Interestingly, depletion of membrane cholesterol and inhibition of Rho GTPases decrease AWs frequency and velocity. Our results indicate that Myosin IIB, membrane tension, and small Rho GTPases are important players in the regulation of the AW dynamics. Finally, we suggest a role for AWs in maintaining the GCs active during environmental exploration. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5741660/ /pubmed/29326552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00402 Text en Copyright © 2017 Mortal, Iseppon, Perissinotto, D'Este, Cojoc, Napolitano and Torre. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Mortal, Simone
Iseppon, Federico
Perissinotto, Andrea
D'Este, Elisa
Cojoc, Dan
Napolitano, Luisa M. R.
Torre, Vincent
Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation
title Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation
title_full Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation
title_fullStr Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation
title_full_unstemmed Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation
title_short Actin Waves Do Not Boost Neurite Outgrowth in the Early Stages of Neuron Maturation
title_sort actin waves do not boost neurite outgrowth in the early stages of neuron maturation
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5741660/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29326552
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00402
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