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Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation

Single neuron and local field potential signals recorded in the primary motor cortex have been repeatedly demonstrated as viable control signals for multi-degree-of-freedom actuators. Although the primary source of these signals has been fore/upper limb motor regions, recent evidence suggests that n...

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Autores principales: Knudsen, Eric B., Moxon, Karen A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742140/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29311792
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00715
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author Knudsen, Eric B.
Moxon, Karen A.
author_facet Knudsen, Eric B.
Moxon, Karen A.
author_sort Knudsen, Eric B.
collection PubMed
description Single neuron and local field potential signals recorded in the primary motor cortex have been repeatedly demonstrated as viable control signals for multi-degree-of-freedom actuators. Although the primary source of these signals has been fore/upper limb motor regions, recent evidence suggests that neural adaptation underlying neuroprosthetic control is generalizable across cortex, including hindlimb sensorimotor cortex. Here, adult rats underwent a longitudinal study that included a hindlimb pedal press task in response to cues for specific durations, followed by brain machine interface (BMI) tasks in healthy rats, after rats received a complete spinal transection and after the BMI signal controls epidural stimulation (BMI-FES). Over the course of the transition from learned behavior to BMI task, fewer neurons were responsive after the cue, the proportion of neurons selective for press duration increased and these neurons carried more information. After a complete, mid-thoracic spinal lesion that completely severed both ascending and descending connections to the lower limbs, there was a reduction in task-responsive neurons followed by a reacquisition of task selectivity in recorded populations. This occurred due to a change in pattern of neuronal responses not simple changes in firing rate. Finally, during BMI-FES, additional information about the intended press duration was produced. This information was not dependent on the stimulation, which was the same for short and long duration presses during the early phase of stimulation, but instead was likely due to sensory feedback to sensorimotor cortex in response to movement along the trunk during the restored pedal press. This post-cue signal could be used as an error signal in a continuous decoder providing information about the position of the limb to optimally control a neuroprosthetic device.
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spelling pubmed-57421402018-01-08 Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Knudsen, Eric B. Moxon, Karen A. Front Neurosci Neuroscience Single neuron and local field potential signals recorded in the primary motor cortex have been repeatedly demonstrated as viable control signals for multi-degree-of-freedom actuators. Although the primary source of these signals has been fore/upper limb motor regions, recent evidence suggests that neural adaptation underlying neuroprosthetic control is generalizable across cortex, including hindlimb sensorimotor cortex. Here, adult rats underwent a longitudinal study that included a hindlimb pedal press task in response to cues for specific durations, followed by brain machine interface (BMI) tasks in healthy rats, after rats received a complete spinal transection and after the BMI signal controls epidural stimulation (BMI-FES). Over the course of the transition from learned behavior to BMI task, fewer neurons were responsive after the cue, the proportion of neurons selective for press duration increased and these neurons carried more information. After a complete, mid-thoracic spinal lesion that completely severed both ascending and descending connections to the lower limbs, there was a reduction in task-responsive neurons followed by a reacquisition of task selectivity in recorded populations. This occurred due to a change in pattern of neuronal responses not simple changes in firing rate. Finally, during BMI-FES, additional information about the intended press duration was produced. This information was not dependent on the stimulation, which was the same for short and long duration presses during the early phase of stimulation, but instead was likely due to sensory feedback to sensorimotor cortex in response to movement along the trunk during the restored pedal press. This post-cue signal could be used as an error signal in a continuous decoder providing information about the position of the limb to optimally control a neuroprosthetic device. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5742140/ /pubmed/29311792 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00715 Text en Copyright © 2017 Knudsen and Moxon. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Knudsen, Eric B.
Moxon, Karen A.
Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation
title Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_full Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_fullStr Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_full_unstemmed Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_short Restoration of Hindlimb Movements after Complete Spinal Cord Injury Using Brain-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_sort restoration of hindlimb movements after complete spinal cord injury using brain-controlled functional electrical stimulation
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742140/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29311792
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00715
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