Cargando…
Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean
The deep sea is one of the largest but least understood ecosystems on earth. Knowledge about the diversity and distribution patterns as well as drivers of microbial eukaryote (including ciliates) along the water column, particularly below the photic zone, is scarce. In this study, we investigated th...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742212/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02559 |
_version_ | 1783288332765102080 |
---|---|
author | Zhao, Feng Filker, Sabine Xu, Kuidong Huang, Pingping Zheng, Shan |
author_facet | Zhao, Feng Filker, Sabine Xu, Kuidong Huang, Pingping Zheng, Shan |
author_sort | Zhao, Feng |
collection | PubMed |
description | The deep sea is one of the largest but least understood ecosystems on earth. Knowledge about the diversity and distribution patterns as well as drivers of microbial eukaryote (including ciliates) along the water column, particularly below the photic zone, is scarce. In this study, we investigated the diversity of pelagic ciliates, the main group of marine microeukaryotes, their vertical distribution from the surface to the abyssopelagic zone, as well as their horizontal distribution over a distance of 1,300 km in the Western Pacific Ocean, using high-throughput DNA and cDNA (complementary DNA) sequencing. No distance-decay relationship could be detected along the horizontal scale; instead, a distinct vertical distribution within the ciliate communities was revealed. The alpha diversity of the ciliate communities in the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) and the 200 m layer turned out to be significantly higher compared with the other water layers. The ciliate communities in the 200 m water layer appeared to be more similar to those in deeper layers from 1,000 m to about 5,000 m than to the surface and DCM ciliate communities. Dominant species in the bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zone, particularly some parasites, were also detected in the 200 m layer, but were almost absent in the surface layer. The 200 m layer, therefore, seems to be an important “species bank” for deep ocean layers. Statistical analyses further revealed significant effects of temperature and chlorophyll a on the partitioning of ciliate diversity, indicating that environmental factors are a stronger force in shaping marine pelagic ciliate communities than the geographic distance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5742212 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57422122018-01-08 Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean Zhao, Feng Filker, Sabine Xu, Kuidong Huang, Pingping Zheng, Shan Front Microbiol Microbiology The deep sea is one of the largest but least understood ecosystems on earth. Knowledge about the diversity and distribution patterns as well as drivers of microbial eukaryote (including ciliates) along the water column, particularly below the photic zone, is scarce. In this study, we investigated the diversity of pelagic ciliates, the main group of marine microeukaryotes, their vertical distribution from the surface to the abyssopelagic zone, as well as their horizontal distribution over a distance of 1,300 km in the Western Pacific Ocean, using high-throughput DNA and cDNA (complementary DNA) sequencing. No distance-decay relationship could be detected along the horizontal scale; instead, a distinct vertical distribution within the ciliate communities was revealed. The alpha diversity of the ciliate communities in the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) and the 200 m layer turned out to be significantly higher compared with the other water layers. The ciliate communities in the 200 m water layer appeared to be more similar to those in deeper layers from 1,000 m to about 5,000 m than to the surface and DCM ciliate communities. Dominant species in the bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zone, particularly some parasites, were also detected in the 200 m layer, but were almost absent in the surface layer. The 200 m layer, therefore, seems to be an important “species bank” for deep ocean layers. Statistical analyses further revealed significant effects of temperature and chlorophyll a on the partitioning of ciliate diversity, indicating that environmental factors are a stronger force in shaping marine pelagic ciliate communities than the geographic distance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5742212/ /pubmed/29312240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02559 Text en Copyright © 2017 Zhao, Filker, Xu, Huang and Zheng. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Zhao, Feng Filker, Sabine Xu, Kuidong Huang, Pingping Zheng, Shan Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean |
title | Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean |
title_full | Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean |
title_fullStr | Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed | Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean |
title_short | Patterns and Drivers of Vertical Distribution of the Ciliate Community from the Surface to the Abyssopelagic Zone in the Western Pacific Ocean |
title_sort | patterns and drivers of vertical distribution of the ciliate community from the surface to the abyssopelagic zone in the western pacific ocean |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742212/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02559 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhaofeng patternsanddriversofverticaldistributionoftheciliatecommunityfromthesurfacetotheabyssopelagiczoneinthewesternpacificocean AT filkersabine patternsanddriversofverticaldistributionoftheciliatecommunityfromthesurfacetotheabyssopelagiczoneinthewesternpacificocean AT xukuidong patternsanddriversofverticaldistributionoftheciliatecommunityfromthesurfacetotheabyssopelagiczoneinthewesternpacificocean AT huangpingping patternsanddriversofverticaldistributionoftheciliatecommunityfromthesurfacetotheabyssopelagiczoneinthewesternpacificocean AT zhengshan patternsanddriversofverticaldistributionoftheciliatecommunityfromthesurfacetotheabyssopelagiczoneinthewesternpacificocean |