Expression signatures and roles of MicroRNAs in human oesophageal adenocarcinomas

The most common forms of oesophageal cancers are adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Although the incidence of SCC in the United States tends to be declining, the adenocarcinoma incidence caused by Barrett's oesophagus has been increasing. Oesophageal cancer is regarded as one of the most fatal malignancies with a short prognosis. Systemic manifestations of patients with PCNSL keep backward in spite of recent development of chemoradiotherapy. MicroRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that can post‐transcriptionally down‐regulate the expression of genes by targeting mRNAs, causing their translational repression as well as degradation. MicroRNAs exert critical functions in many malignancy‐related biological processes, including cell apoptosis, metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Many deregulated miRNAs have been identified in oesophageal adenocarcinomas, but their biological importance has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we review present evidence regarding the potential applications of oesophageal adenocarcinomas associated microRNAs for prognosis and diagnosis of this lethal disease.