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Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life
The immune system in early life is tasked with transitioning from a relatively protected environment to one in which it encounters a wide variety of innocuous antigens and dangerous pathogens. The immaturity of the developing immune system, and particularly the distinct functionality of T lymphocyte...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017-0648-7 |
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author | Zens, Kyra D. Connors, Thomas Farber, Donna L. |
author_facet | Zens, Kyra D. Connors, Thomas Farber, Donna L. |
author_sort | Zens, Kyra D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The immune system in early life is tasked with transitioning from a relatively protected environment to one in which it encounters a wide variety of innocuous antigens and dangerous pathogens. The immaturity of the developing immune system, and particularly the distinct functionality of T lymphocytes in early life, has been implicated in increased susceptibility to infection. Previous work has demonstrated that immune responses in early life are skewed toward limited inflammation and atopy; however, there is mounting evidence that such responses are context- and tissue-dependent. The regulation, differentiation, and maintenance of infant T cell responses, particularly as it relates to tissue compartmentalization, remains poorly understood. How the tissue environment impacts early-life immune responses and whether the development of localized protective immune memory cell subsets are established is an emerging area of research. As infectious diseases affecting the respiratory and digestive tracts are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in infants and young children, a deeper understanding of site-specific immunity is essential to addressing these challenges. Here, we review the current paradigms of T cell responses during infancy as they relate to tissue localization and discuss implications for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5743209 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57432092018-11-01 Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life Zens, Kyra D. Connors, Thomas Farber, Donna L. Semin Immunopathol Review The immune system in early life is tasked with transitioning from a relatively protected environment to one in which it encounters a wide variety of innocuous antigens and dangerous pathogens. The immaturity of the developing immune system, and particularly the distinct functionality of T lymphocytes in early life, has been implicated in increased susceptibility to infection. Previous work has demonstrated that immune responses in early life are skewed toward limited inflammation and atopy; however, there is mounting evidence that such responses are context- and tissue-dependent. The regulation, differentiation, and maintenance of infant T cell responses, particularly as it relates to tissue compartmentalization, remains poorly understood. How the tissue environment impacts early-life immune responses and whether the development of localized protective immune memory cell subsets are established is an emerging area of research. As infectious diseases affecting the respiratory and digestive tracts are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in infants and young children, a deeper understanding of site-specific immunity is essential to addressing these challenges. Here, we review the current paradigms of T cell responses during infancy as they relate to tissue localization and discuss implications for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017-09-11 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5743209/ /pubmed/28894935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017-0648-7 Text en © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Review Zens, Kyra D. Connors, Thomas Farber, Donna L. Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life |
title | Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life |
title_full | Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life |
title_fullStr | Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life |
title_full_unstemmed | Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life |
title_short | Tissue compartmentalization of T cell responses during early life |
title_sort | tissue compartmentalization of t cell responses during early life |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28894935 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-017-0648-7 |
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