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Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein
Hepatic encephalopathy is suspected in non-cirrhotic cases of encephalopathy because the symptoms are accompanied by hyperammonaemia. Some cases have been misdiagnosed as psychiatric diseases and consequently patients hospitalized in psychiatric institutions or geriatric facilities. Therefore, the i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29308002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8426 |
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author | de Martinis, Luca Groppelli, Gloria Corti, Riccardo Moramarco, Lorenzo Paolo Quaretti, Pietro De Cata, Pasquale Rotondi, Mario Chiovato, Luca |
author_facet | de Martinis, Luca Groppelli, Gloria Corti, Riccardo Moramarco, Lorenzo Paolo Quaretti, Pietro De Cata, Pasquale Rotondi, Mario Chiovato, Luca |
author_sort | de Martinis, Luca |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatic encephalopathy is suspected in non-cirrhotic cases of encephalopathy because the symptoms are accompanied by hyperammonaemia. Some cases have been misdiagnosed as psychiatric diseases and consequently patients hospitalized in psychiatric institutions or geriatric facilities. Therefore, the importance of accurate diagnosis of this disease should be strongly emphasized. A 68-year-old female patient presented to the Emergency Room with confusion, lethargy, nausea and vomiting. Examination disclosed normal vital signs. Neurological examination revealed a minimally responsive woman without apparent focal deficits and normal reflexes. She had no history of hematologic disorders or alcohol abuse. Her brain TC did not demonstrate any intracranial abnormalities and electroencephalography did not reveal any subclinical epileptiform discharges. Her ammonia level was > 400 mg/dL (reference range < 75 mg/dL) while hepatitis viral markers were negative. The patient was started on lactulose, rifaximin and low-protein diet. On the basis of the doppler ultrasound and abdomen computed tomography angiography findings, the decision was made to attempt portal venography which confirmed the presence of a giant portal-systemic venous shunt. Therefore, mechanic obliteration of shunt by interventional radiology was performed. As a consequence, mesenteric venous blood returned to hepatopetally flow into the liver, metabolic detoxification of ammonia increased and hepatic encephalopathy subsided. It is crucial that physicians immediately recognize the presence of non-cirrhotic encephalopathy, in view of the potential therapeutic resolution after accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5743513 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57435132018-01-05 Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein de Martinis, Luca Groppelli, Gloria Corti, Riccardo Moramarco, Lorenzo Paolo Quaretti, Pietro De Cata, Pasquale Rotondi, Mario Chiovato, Luca World J Gastroenterol Case Report Hepatic encephalopathy is suspected in non-cirrhotic cases of encephalopathy because the symptoms are accompanied by hyperammonaemia. Some cases have been misdiagnosed as psychiatric diseases and consequently patients hospitalized in psychiatric institutions or geriatric facilities. Therefore, the importance of accurate diagnosis of this disease should be strongly emphasized. A 68-year-old female patient presented to the Emergency Room with confusion, lethargy, nausea and vomiting. Examination disclosed normal vital signs. Neurological examination revealed a minimally responsive woman without apparent focal deficits and normal reflexes. She had no history of hematologic disorders or alcohol abuse. Her brain TC did not demonstrate any intracranial abnormalities and electroencephalography did not reveal any subclinical epileptiform discharges. Her ammonia level was > 400 mg/dL (reference range < 75 mg/dL) while hepatitis viral markers were negative. The patient was started on lactulose, rifaximin and low-protein diet. On the basis of the doppler ultrasound and abdomen computed tomography angiography findings, the decision was made to attempt portal venography which confirmed the presence of a giant portal-systemic venous shunt. Therefore, mechanic obliteration of shunt by interventional radiology was performed. As a consequence, mesenteric venous blood returned to hepatopetally flow into the liver, metabolic detoxification of ammonia increased and hepatic encephalopathy subsided. It is crucial that physicians immediately recognize the presence of non-cirrhotic encephalopathy, in view of the potential therapeutic resolution after accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatments. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2017-12-21 2017-12-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5743513/ /pubmed/29308002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8426 Text en ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
spellingShingle | Case Report de Martinis, Luca Groppelli, Gloria Corti, Riccardo Moramarco, Lorenzo Paolo Quaretti, Pietro De Cata, Pasquale Rotondi, Mario Chiovato, Luca Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein |
title | Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein |
title_full | Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein |
title_fullStr | Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein |
title_full_unstemmed | Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein |
title_short | Disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: Successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein |
title_sort | disabling portosystemic encephalopathy in a non-cirrhotic patient: successful endovascular treatment of a giant inferior mesenteric-caval shunt via the left internal iliac vein |
topic | Case Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29308002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i47.8426 |
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