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r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)

North America has distinct types of Hyphantria moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)‐ and black (BL)‐headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be con...

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Autores principales: Yang, Fan, Kawabata, Eriko, Tufail, Muhammad, Brown, John J., Takeda, Makio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743571/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299241
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3334
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author Yang, Fan
Kawabata, Eriko
Tufail, Muhammad
Brown, John J.
Takeda, Makio
author_facet Yang, Fan
Kawabata, Eriko
Tufail, Muhammad
Brown, John J.
Takeda, Makio
author_sort Yang, Fan
collection PubMed
description North America has distinct types of Hyphantria moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)‐ and black (BL)‐headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be connected in the haplotype network with 95% confidence. The two lineages are separated by 3.1% sequence divergence and should be considered for full species status. The estimated split occurred 1.2–1.6 million years ago. The range of the RD type covered most of the continent, whereas that of the BL type was limited to eastern deciduous forests. Several biological characteristics were differentiated in the zone of cohabitation where BL had more annual generations than RD. Spring emergence of BL precedes that of RD in the field by at least 1 month, because the diapause in BL was shallow, whereas it was deep in RD. Voltinism requires discreteness of numbers, which functions as a sink of hybrids between the two parental lines that have distinct but equally adaptive reproductive strategies; BL may be more r‐strategist‐like and RD more K‐strategist‐like, because fast‐developing BL has multivoltine life cycle, investing less silk proteins as the round‐the‐clock feeder, and slow‐developing RD univoltine one investing more silk as the nocturnal feeder. Also, intensity of diapause, deep in RD and weak in BL, was grossly different, which may enforce segregation of spring adults. Allochronic speciation avoiding coincidental occurrence of adult stages is therefore the most likely scenario. Because the adults never meet in nature, large morphological differentiation is not required.
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spelling pubmed-57435712018-01-03 r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae) Yang, Fan Kawabata, Eriko Tufail, Muhammad Brown, John J. Takeda, Makio Ecol Evol Original Research North America has distinct types of Hyphantria moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)‐ and black (BL)‐headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be connected in the haplotype network with 95% confidence. The two lineages are separated by 3.1% sequence divergence and should be considered for full species status. The estimated split occurred 1.2–1.6 million years ago. The range of the RD type covered most of the continent, whereas that of the BL type was limited to eastern deciduous forests. Several biological characteristics were differentiated in the zone of cohabitation where BL had more annual generations than RD. Spring emergence of BL precedes that of RD in the field by at least 1 month, because the diapause in BL was shallow, whereas it was deep in RD. Voltinism requires discreteness of numbers, which functions as a sink of hybrids between the two parental lines that have distinct but equally adaptive reproductive strategies; BL may be more r‐strategist‐like and RD more K‐strategist‐like, because fast‐developing BL has multivoltine life cycle, investing less silk proteins as the round‐the‐clock feeder, and slow‐developing RD univoltine one investing more silk as the nocturnal feeder. Also, intensity of diapause, deep in RD and weak in BL, was grossly different, which may enforce segregation of spring adults. Allochronic speciation avoiding coincidental occurrence of adult stages is therefore the most likely scenario. Because the adults never meet in nature, large morphological differentiation is not required. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5743571/ /pubmed/29299241 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3334 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Yang, Fan
Kawabata, Eriko
Tufail, Muhammad
Brown, John J.
Takeda, Makio
r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
title r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
title_full r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
title_fullStr r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
title_full_unstemmed r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
title_short r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
title_sort r/k‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: the implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, hyphantria cunea complex (arctiidae)
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743571/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29299241
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3334
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