Promoter mutagenesis for fine‐tuning expression of essential genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A range of regulated gene expression systems has been developed for mycobacteria in the last few years to facilitate the study of essential genes, validate novel drug targets and evaluate their vulnerability. Among these, the TetR/Pip‐OFF repressible promoter system was successfully used in several mycobacterial species both in vitro and in vivo. In the first version of the system, the repressible promoter was P(ptr), a strong Pip‐repressible promoter of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, which might hamper effective downregulation of genes with a low basal expression level. Here, we report an enhanced system that allows more effective control of genes expressed at low level. To this end, we subjected P(ptr) to targeted mutagenesis and produced 16 different promoters with different strength. Three of them, weaker than the wild‐type promoter, were selected and characterized showing that they can indeed improve the performances of TetR/Pip‐OFF repressible system both in vitro and in vivo increasing its stringency. Finally, we used these promoters to construct a series of bacterial biosensors with different sensitivity to DprE1 inhibitors and developed a whole‐cell screening assay to identify inhibitors of this enzyme.