Cargando…
HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus that has infected 10–15 million people worldwide. After a long latency, 3–5% of infected individuals will develop either a severe malignancy of CD4+ T cells, known as Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) or a chronic and progressive...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5744428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02615 |
_version_ | 1783288742339936256 |
---|---|
author | Baratella, Marco Forlani, Greta Accolla, Roberto S. |
author_facet | Baratella, Marco Forlani, Greta Accolla, Roberto S. |
author_sort | Baratella, Marco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus that has infected 10–15 million people worldwide. After a long latency, 3–5% of infected individuals will develop either a severe malignancy of CD4+ T cells, known as Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) or a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of the nervous system designated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP). The precise mechanism behind HTLV-1 pathogenesis still remains elusive. Two viral regulatory proteins, Tax-1 and HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) are thought to play a critical role in HTLV-1-associated diseases. Tax-1 is mainly involved in the onset of neoplastic transformation and in elicitation of the host’s inflammatory responses; its expression may be lost during cell clonal proliferation and oncogenesis. Conversely, HBZ remains constantly expressed in all patients with ATL, playing a role in the proliferation and maintenance of leukemic cells. Recent studies have shown that the subcellular distribution of HBZ protein differs in the two pathologies: it is nuclear with a speckled-like pattern in leukemic cells and is cytoplasmic in cells from HAM/TSP patients. Thus, HBZ expression and distribution could be critical in the progression of HTLV-1 infection versus the leukemic state or the inflammatory disease. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the role of HBZ in HTLV-1 related diseases, highlighting the new perspectives open by the possibility of studying the physiologic expression of endogenous protein in primary infected cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5744428 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57444282018-01-08 HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases Baratella, Marco Forlani, Greta Accolla, Roberto S. Front Microbiol Microbiology Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic human retrovirus that has infected 10–15 million people worldwide. After a long latency, 3–5% of infected individuals will develop either a severe malignancy of CD4+ T cells, known as Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) or a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease of the nervous system designated Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP). The precise mechanism behind HTLV-1 pathogenesis still remains elusive. Two viral regulatory proteins, Tax-1 and HTLV-1 bZIP factor (HBZ) are thought to play a critical role in HTLV-1-associated diseases. Tax-1 is mainly involved in the onset of neoplastic transformation and in elicitation of the host’s inflammatory responses; its expression may be lost during cell clonal proliferation and oncogenesis. Conversely, HBZ remains constantly expressed in all patients with ATL, playing a role in the proliferation and maintenance of leukemic cells. Recent studies have shown that the subcellular distribution of HBZ protein differs in the two pathologies: it is nuclear with a speckled-like pattern in leukemic cells and is cytoplasmic in cells from HAM/TSP patients. Thus, HBZ expression and distribution could be critical in the progression of HTLV-1 infection versus the leukemic state or the inflammatory disease. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the role of HBZ in HTLV-1 related diseases, highlighting the new perspectives open by the possibility of studying the physiologic expression of endogenous protein in primary infected cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5744428/ /pubmed/29312275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02615 Text en Copyright © 2017 Baratella, Forlani and Accolla. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Baratella, Marco Forlani, Greta Accolla, Roberto S. HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases |
title | HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases |
title_full | HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases |
title_fullStr | HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed | HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases |
title_short | HTLV-1 HBZ Viral Protein: A Key Player in HTLV-1 Mediated Diseases |
title_sort | htlv-1 hbz viral protein: a key player in htlv-1 mediated diseases |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5744428/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312275 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02615 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT baratellamarco htlv1hbzviralproteinakeyplayerinhtlv1mediateddiseases AT forlanigreta htlv1hbzviralproteinakeyplayerinhtlv1mediateddiseases AT accollarobertos htlv1hbzviralproteinakeyplayerinhtlv1mediateddiseases |