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Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States
BACKGROUND: Prior research has reported disparities in environmental exposures in the United States, but, to our knowledge, no nationwide studies have assessed inequality in noise pollution. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to a) assess racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in noise pollution in the cont...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Environmental Health Perspectives
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5744659/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP898 |
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author | Casey, Joan A. Morello-Frosch, Rachel Mennitt, Daniel J. Fristrup, Kurt Ogburn, Elizabeth L. James, Peter |
author_facet | Casey, Joan A. Morello-Frosch, Rachel Mennitt, Daniel J. Fristrup, Kurt Ogburn, Elizabeth L. James, Peter |
author_sort | Casey, Joan A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Prior research has reported disparities in environmental exposures in the United States, but, to our knowledge, no nationwide studies have assessed inequality in noise pollution. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to a) assess racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in noise pollution in the contiguous United States; and b) consider the modifying role of metropolitan level racial residential segregation. METHODS: We used a geospatial sound model to estimate census block group–level median ([Formula: see text]) nighttime and daytime noise exposure and 90th percentile ([Formula: see text]) daytime noise exposure. Block group variables from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey (ACS) included race/ethnicity, education, income, poverty, unemployment, homeownership, and linguistic isolation. We estimated associations using polynomial terms in spatial error models adjusted for total population and population density. We also evaluated the relationship between race/ethnicity and noise, stratified by levels of metropolitan area racial residential segregation, classified using a multigroup dissimilarity index. RESULTS: Generally, estimated nighttime and daytime noise levels were higher for census block groups with higher proportions of nonwhite and lower-socioeconomic status (SES) residents. For example, estimated nighttime noise levels in urban block groups with 75% vs. 0% black residents were 46.3 A-weighted decibels (dBA) [interquartile range (IQR): [Formula: see text]] and [Formula: see text] (IQR: [Formula: see text]), respectively. In urban block groups with 50% vs. 0% of residents living below poverty, estimated nighttime noise levels were [Formula: see text] (IQR: [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] (IQR: [Formula: see text]), respectively. Block groups with the highest metropolitan area segregation had the highest estimated noise exposures, regardless of racial composition. Results were generally consistent between urban and suburban/rural census block groups, and for daytime and nighttime noise and robust to different spatial weight and neighbor definitions. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in model-based estimates of noise exposure throughout the United States. Additional research is needed to determine if differences in noise exposure may contribute to health disparities in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP898 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5744659 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Environmental Health Perspectives |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57446592017-12-31 Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States Casey, Joan A. Morello-Frosch, Rachel Mennitt, Daniel J. Fristrup, Kurt Ogburn, Elizabeth L. James, Peter Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Prior research has reported disparities in environmental exposures in the United States, but, to our knowledge, no nationwide studies have assessed inequality in noise pollution. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to a) assess racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in noise pollution in the contiguous United States; and b) consider the modifying role of metropolitan level racial residential segregation. METHODS: We used a geospatial sound model to estimate census block group–level median ([Formula: see text]) nighttime and daytime noise exposure and 90th percentile ([Formula: see text]) daytime noise exposure. Block group variables from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey (ACS) included race/ethnicity, education, income, poverty, unemployment, homeownership, and linguistic isolation. We estimated associations using polynomial terms in spatial error models adjusted for total population and population density. We also evaluated the relationship between race/ethnicity and noise, stratified by levels of metropolitan area racial residential segregation, classified using a multigroup dissimilarity index. RESULTS: Generally, estimated nighttime and daytime noise levels were higher for census block groups with higher proportions of nonwhite and lower-socioeconomic status (SES) residents. For example, estimated nighttime noise levels in urban block groups with 75% vs. 0% black residents were 46.3 A-weighted decibels (dBA) [interquartile range (IQR): [Formula: see text]] and [Formula: see text] (IQR: [Formula: see text]), respectively. In urban block groups with 50% vs. 0% of residents living below poverty, estimated nighttime noise levels were [Formula: see text] (IQR: [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] (IQR: [Formula: see text]), respectively. Block groups with the highest metropolitan area segregation had the highest estimated noise exposures, regardless of racial composition. Results were generally consistent between urban and suburban/rural census block groups, and for daytime and nighttime noise and robust to different spatial weight and neighbor definitions. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in model-based estimates of noise exposure throughout the United States. Additional research is needed to determine if differences in noise exposure may contribute to health disparities in the United States. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP898 Environmental Health Perspectives 2017-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC5744659/ /pubmed/28749369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP898 Text en EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. |
spellingShingle | Research Casey, Joan A. Morello-Frosch, Rachel Mennitt, Daniel J. Fristrup, Kurt Ogburn, Elizabeth L. James, Peter Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States |
title | Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States |
title_full | Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States |
title_fullStr | Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States |
title_short | Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Residential Segregation, and Spatial Variation in Noise Exposure in the Contiguous United States |
title_sort | race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, residential segregation, and spatial variation in noise exposure in the contiguous united states |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5744659/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28749369 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP898 |
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