Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) treated with palliative decompression: Surgical timing and survival rate

BACKGROUND: Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) treatment depends on life expectancies. Data regarding palliative decompression outcomes is scarce. We demonstrate that surgical timing has a significant impact on survival in MSCC patients treated with palliative decompression. METHODS: Eighty-nine consecutive MSCC patients at a tertiary referral medical center were enrolled between January 2012 and February 2016. Wide laminectomy was performed for tumors invading the vertebral body. Debulking surgery was done for tumors damaging the posterior column of the spine. Patient records were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Better survival was observed in patients with preoperative intact motor function (Group A, n = 37) than in those with motor deficit (Group B, n = 52, p = 0.0031). In Group B, survival was better in those who underwent surgery within 7 days of motor deficit onset than in those who underwent surgery 7 days after onset (p = 0.0444) and in postoperative ambulant patients than in nonambulant patients (p = 0.0120). In Group B, Frankel grade improved in patients who underwent surgery within 48 h than in those who underwent surgery after 48 h (p = 0.0992). Group A patients had a shorter hospital stay and higher revised Tokuhashi score than Group B patients. Overall survival was better in patients with a lower Tomita score (≤5, p = 0.0012), higher revised Tokuhashi score (≥9, p = 0.0009), better preoperative Frankel grade (p < 0.0001), and younger age (≤55 years, p = 0.0179). There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor type, involved vertebrae level, Tomita score, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, incidence of infection, and postoperative complications between groups. CONCLUSION: We can improve the survival of MSCC patients with palliative decompression before motor deficits occur. After motor deficit onset, survival can still be improved with surgery within 7 days. Overall survival was better in patients aged ≤55 years.