Cargando…
Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes
Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior of both below- and aboveground tissues. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from the environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted from generation t...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29125552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040070 |
_version_ | 1783289424192208896 |
---|---|
author | Frank, Anna Carolin Saldierna Guzmán, Jessica Paola Shay, Jackie E. |
author_facet | Frank, Anna Carolin Saldierna Guzmán, Jessica Paola Shay, Jackie E. |
author_sort | Frank, Anna Carolin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior of both below- and aboveground tissues. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from the environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted from generation to generation via seed. A better understanding of bacterial endophyte transmission routes and modes will benefit studies of plant–endophyte interactions in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. In this review, we provide an overview of the transmission routes that bacteria can take to colonize plants, including vertically via seeds and pollen, and horizontally via soil, atmosphere, and insects. We discuss both well-documented and understudied transmission routes, and identify gaps in our knowledge on how bacteria reach the inside of plants. Where little knowledge is available on endophytes, we draw from studies on bacterial plant pathogens to discuss potential transmission routes. Colonization of roots from soil is the best studied transmission route, and probably the most important, although more studies of transmission to aerial parts and stomatal colonization are needed, as are studies that conclusively confirm vertical transfer. While vertical transfer of bacterial endophytes likely occurs, obligate and strictly vertically transferred symbioses with bacteria are probably unusual in plants. Instead, plants appear to benefit from the ability to respond to a changing environment by acquiring its endophytic microbiome anew with each generation, and over the lifetime of individuals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5748579 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57485792018-01-07 Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes Frank, Anna Carolin Saldierna Guzmán, Jessica Paola Shay, Jackie E. Microorganisms Review Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior of both below- and aboveground tissues. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from the environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted from generation to generation via seed. A better understanding of bacterial endophyte transmission routes and modes will benefit studies of plant–endophyte interactions in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. In this review, we provide an overview of the transmission routes that bacteria can take to colonize plants, including vertically via seeds and pollen, and horizontally via soil, atmosphere, and insects. We discuss both well-documented and understudied transmission routes, and identify gaps in our knowledge on how bacteria reach the inside of plants. Where little knowledge is available on endophytes, we draw from studies on bacterial plant pathogens to discuss potential transmission routes. Colonization of roots from soil is the best studied transmission route, and probably the most important, although more studies of transmission to aerial parts and stomatal colonization are needed, as are studies that conclusively confirm vertical transfer. While vertical transfer of bacterial endophytes likely occurs, obligate and strictly vertically transferred symbioses with bacteria are probably unusual in plants. Instead, plants appear to benefit from the ability to respond to a changing environment by acquiring its endophytic microbiome anew with each generation, and over the lifetime of individuals. MDPI 2017-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5748579/ /pubmed/29125552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040070 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Frank, Anna Carolin Saldierna Guzmán, Jessica Paola Shay, Jackie E. Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes |
title | Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes |
title_full | Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes |
title_fullStr | Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes |
title_full_unstemmed | Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes |
title_short | Transmission of Bacterial Endophytes |
title_sort | transmission of bacterial endophytes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748579/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29125552 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040070 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT frankannacarolin transmissionofbacterialendophytes AT saldiernaguzmanjessicapaola transmissionofbacterialendophytes AT shayjackiee transmissionofbacterialendophytes |