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What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?

Subsocial wood feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus, the sister group of termites, retain their symbiotic gut flagellates during the host molting cycle, but in lower termites, closely related flagellates die prior to host ecdysis. Although the prevalent view is that termite flagellates die...

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Autor principal: Nalepa, Christine A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29258251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040082
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author Nalepa, Christine A.
author_facet Nalepa, Christine A.
author_sort Nalepa, Christine A.
collection PubMed
description Subsocial wood feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus, the sister group of termites, retain their symbiotic gut flagellates during the host molting cycle, but in lower termites, closely related flagellates die prior to host ecdysis. Although the prevalent view is that termite flagellates die because of conditions of starvation and desiccation in the gut during the host molting cycle, the work of L.R. Cleveland in the 1930s through the 1960s provides a strong alternate hypothesis: it was the changed hormonal environment associated with the origin of eusociality and its concomitant shift in termite developmental ontogeny that instigates the death of the flagellates in termites. Although the research on termite gut microbial communities has exploded since the advent of modern molecular techniques, the role of the host hormonal environment on the life cycle of its gut flagellates has been neglected. Here Cleveland’s studies are revisited to provide a basis for re-examination of the problem, and the results framed in the context of two alternate hypotheses: the flagellate symbionts are victims of the change in host social status, or the flagellates have become incorporated into the life cycle of the eusocial termite colony. Recent work on parasitic protists suggests clear paths for exploring these hypotheses and for resolving long standing issues regarding sexual-encystment cycles in flagellates of the Cryptocercus-termite lineage using molecular methodologies, bringing the problem into the modern era.
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spelling pubmed-57485912018-01-07 What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle? Nalepa, Christine A. Microorganisms Review Subsocial wood feeding cockroaches in the genus Cryptocercus, the sister group of termites, retain their symbiotic gut flagellates during the host molting cycle, but in lower termites, closely related flagellates die prior to host ecdysis. Although the prevalent view is that termite flagellates die because of conditions of starvation and desiccation in the gut during the host molting cycle, the work of L.R. Cleveland in the 1930s through the 1960s provides a strong alternate hypothesis: it was the changed hormonal environment associated with the origin of eusociality and its concomitant shift in termite developmental ontogeny that instigates the death of the flagellates in termites. Although the research on termite gut microbial communities has exploded since the advent of modern molecular techniques, the role of the host hormonal environment on the life cycle of its gut flagellates has been neglected. Here Cleveland’s studies are revisited to provide a basis for re-examination of the problem, and the results framed in the context of two alternate hypotheses: the flagellate symbionts are victims of the change in host social status, or the flagellates have become incorporated into the life cycle of the eusocial termite colony. Recent work on parasitic protists suggests clear paths for exploring these hypotheses and for resolving long standing issues regarding sexual-encystment cycles in flagellates of the Cryptocercus-termite lineage using molecular methodologies, bringing the problem into the modern era. MDPI 2017-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5748591/ /pubmed/29258251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040082 Text en © 2017 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nalepa, Christine A.
What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?
title What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?
title_full What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?
title_fullStr What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?
title_full_unstemmed What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?
title_short What Kills the Hindgut Flagellates of Lower Termites during the Host Molting Cycle?
title_sort what kills the hindgut flagellates of lower termites during the host molting cycle?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29258251
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040082
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