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Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection

Viruses are responsible for most of both upper and lower acute respiratory infections (ARIs). The microbiome—the ecological community of microorganisms sharing the body space, which has gained considerable interest over the last decade—is modified in health and disease states. Even if most of these...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pichon, Maxime, Lina, Bruno, Josset, Laurence
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748607/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099809
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040040
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author Pichon, Maxime
Lina, Bruno
Josset, Laurence
author_facet Pichon, Maxime
Lina, Bruno
Josset, Laurence
author_sort Pichon, Maxime
collection PubMed
description Viruses are responsible for most of both upper and lower acute respiratory infections (ARIs). The microbiome—the ecological community of microorganisms sharing the body space, which has gained considerable interest over the last decade—is modified in health and disease states. Even if most of these disturbances have been previously described in relation to chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal microbiome, after a short reminder of microbiome characteristics and methods of characterization, this review will describe the impact of the microbiome (mainly respiratory) on host responses to viral ARIs. The microbiome has a direct environmental impact on the host cells but also an indirect impact on the immune system, by enhancing innate or adaptive immune responses. In microbial infections, especially in viral infections, these dramatic modifications could lead to a dramatic impact responsible for severe clinical outcomes. Studies focusing on the microbiome associated with transcriptomic analyses of the host response and deep characterization of the pathogen would lead to a better understanding of viral pathogenesis and open avenues for biomarker development and innovative therapeutics.
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spelling pubmed-57486072018-01-07 Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection Pichon, Maxime Lina, Bruno Josset, Laurence Vaccines (Basel) Review Viruses are responsible for most of both upper and lower acute respiratory infections (ARIs). The microbiome—the ecological community of microorganisms sharing the body space, which has gained considerable interest over the last decade—is modified in health and disease states. Even if most of these disturbances have been previously described in relation to chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal microbiome, after a short reminder of microbiome characteristics and methods of characterization, this review will describe the impact of the microbiome (mainly respiratory) on host responses to viral ARIs. The microbiome has a direct environmental impact on the host cells but also an indirect impact on the immune system, by enhancing innate or adaptive immune responses. In microbial infections, especially in viral infections, these dramatic modifications could lead to a dramatic impact responsible for severe clinical outcomes. Studies focusing on the microbiome associated with transcriptomic analyses of the host response and deep characterization of the pathogen would lead to a better understanding of viral pathogenesis and open avenues for biomarker development and innovative therapeutics. MDPI 2017-11-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5748607/ /pubmed/29099809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040040 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pichon, Maxime
Lina, Bruno
Josset, Laurence
Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection
title Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection
title_full Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection
title_fullStr Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection
title_full_unstemmed Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection
title_short Impact of the Respiratory Microbiome on Host Responses to Respiratory Viral Infection
title_sort impact of the respiratory microbiome on host responses to respiratory viral infection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748607/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29099809
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040040
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