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Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus
African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) causes a serious swine disease that is endemic in Africa and Sardinia and presently spreading in Russia and neighboring countries, including Poland and recently, the Czech Republic. This uncontrolled dissemination is a world-wide threat, as no specific protection or...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748609/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040042 |
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author | G. Sánchez, Elena Pérez-Núñez, Daniel Revilla, Yolanda |
author_facet | G. Sánchez, Elena Pérez-Núñez, Daniel Revilla, Yolanda |
author_sort | G. Sánchez, Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) causes a serious swine disease that is endemic in Africa and Sardinia and presently spreading in Russia and neighboring countries, including Poland and recently, the Czech Republic. This uncontrolled dissemination is a world-wide threat, as no specific protection or vaccine is available. ASFV is a very complex icosahedral, enveloped virus about 200 nm in diameter, which infects several members of pigs. The virus enters host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis that depends on energy, vacuolar pH and temperature. The specific receptor(s) and attachment factor(s) involved in viral entry are still unknown, although macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent mechanisms have been proposed. After internalization, ASFV traffics through the endolysosomal system. The capsid and inner envelope are found in early endosomes or macropinosomes early after infection, colocalizing with EEA1 and Rab5, while at later times they co-localize with markers of late endosomes and lysosomes, such as Rab7 or Lamp 1. A direct relationship has been established between the maturity of the endosomal pathway and the progression of infection in the cell. Finally, ASFV uncoating first involves the loss of the outer capsid layers, and later fusion of the inner membrane with endosomes, releasing the nude core into the cytosol. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5748609 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57486092018-01-07 Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus G. Sánchez, Elena Pérez-Núñez, Daniel Revilla, Yolanda Vaccines (Basel) Review African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) causes a serious swine disease that is endemic in Africa and Sardinia and presently spreading in Russia and neighboring countries, including Poland and recently, the Czech Republic. This uncontrolled dissemination is a world-wide threat, as no specific protection or vaccine is available. ASFV is a very complex icosahedral, enveloped virus about 200 nm in diameter, which infects several members of pigs. The virus enters host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis that depends on energy, vacuolar pH and temperature. The specific receptor(s) and attachment factor(s) involved in viral entry are still unknown, although macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent mechanisms have been proposed. After internalization, ASFV traffics through the endolysosomal system. The capsid and inner envelope are found in early endosomes or macropinosomes early after infection, colocalizing with EEA1 and Rab5, while at later times they co-localize with markers of late endosomes and lysosomes, such as Rab7 or Lamp 1. A direct relationship has been established between the maturity of the endosomal pathway and the progression of infection in the cell. Finally, ASFV uncoating first involves the loss of the outer capsid layers, and later fusion of the inner membrane with endosomes, releasing the nude core into the cytosol. MDPI 2017-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5748609/ /pubmed/29117102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040042 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review G. Sánchez, Elena Pérez-Núñez, Daniel Revilla, Yolanda Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus |
title | Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_full | Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_short | Mechanisms of Entry and Endosomal Pathway of African Swine Fever Virus |
title_sort | mechanisms of entry and endosomal pathway of african swine fever virus |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748609/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29117102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040042 |
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