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Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms

BACKGROUND: The operating room (OR) of the hospital is a special unit that requires a relatively clean environment. The microbial concentration of an indoor OR extrinsically influences surgical site infection rates. The aim of this study was to use active sampling methods to assess microbial colony...

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Autores principales: Fu Shaw, Ling, Chen, Ian Horng, Chen, Chii Shya, Wu, Hui Hsin, Lai, Li Shing, Chen, Yin Yin, Wang, Fu Der
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29291707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2928-1
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author Fu Shaw, Ling
Chen, Ian Horng
Chen, Chii Shya
Wu, Hui Hsin
Lai, Li Shing
Chen, Yin Yin
Wang, Fu Der
author_facet Fu Shaw, Ling
Chen, Ian Horng
Chen, Chii Shya
Wu, Hui Hsin
Lai, Li Shing
Chen, Yin Yin
Wang, Fu Der
author_sort Fu Shaw, Ling
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The operating room (OR) of the hospital is a special unit that requires a relatively clean environment. The microbial concentration of an indoor OR extrinsically influences surgical site infection rates. The aim of this study was to use active sampling methods to assess microbial colony counts in working ORs and to determine the factors affecting air contamination in a tertiary referral medical center. METHODS: This study was conducted in 28 operating rooms located in a 3000-bed medical center in northern Taiwan. The microbiologic air counts were measured using an impactor air sampler from May to August 2015. Information about the procedure-related operative characteristics and surgical environment (environmental- and personnel-related factors) characteristics was collected. RESULTS: A total of 250 air samples were collected during surgical procedures. The overall mean number of bacterial colonies in the ORs was 78 ± 47 cfu/m(3). The mean number of colonies was the highest for transplant surgery (123 ± 60 cfu/m(3)), followed by pediatric surgery (115 ± 30.3 cfu/m(3)). A total of 25 samples (10%) contained pathogens; Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n = 12, 4.8%) was the most common pathogen. After controlling for potentially confounding factors by a multiple regression analysis, the surgical stage had the significantly highest correlation with bacterial counts (r = 0.346, p < 0.001). Otherwise, independent factors influencing bacterial counts were the type of surgery (29.85 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 1.28–58.42, p = 0.041), site of procedure (20.19 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 8.24–32.14, p = 0.001), number of indoor staff (4.93 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 1.47–8.38, p = 0.005), surgical staging (36.5 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 24.76–48.25, p < 0.001), and indoor air temperature (9.4 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 1.61–17.18, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Under the well-controlled ventilation system, the mean microbial colony counts obtained by active sampling in different working ORs were low. The number of personnel and their activities critically influence the microbe concentration in the air of the OR. We suggest that ORs doing complex surgeries with more surgical personnel present should increase the frequency of air exchanges. A well-controlled ventilation system and infection control procedures related to environmental and surgical procedures are of paramount importance for reducing microbial colonies in the air.
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spelling pubmed-57490122018-01-05 Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms Fu Shaw, Ling Chen, Ian Horng Chen, Chii Shya Wu, Hui Hsin Lai, Li Shing Chen, Yin Yin Wang, Fu Der BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: The operating room (OR) of the hospital is a special unit that requires a relatively clean environment. The microbial concentration of an indoor OR extrinsically influences surgical site infection rates. The aim of this study was to use active sampling methods to assess microbial colony counts in working ORs and to determine the factors affecting air contamination in a tertiary referral medical center. METHODS: This study was conducted in 28 operating rooms located in a 3000-bed medical center in northern Taiwan. The microbiologic air counts were measured using an impactor air sampler from May to August 2015. Information about the procedure-related operative characteristics and surgical environment (environmental- and personnel-related factors) characteristics was collected. RESULTS: A total of 250 air samples were collected during surgical procedures. The overall mean number of bacterial colonies in the ORs was 78 ± 47 cfu/m(3). The mean number of colonies was the highest for transplant surgery (123 ± 60 cfu/m(3)), followed by pediatric surgery (115 ± 30.3 cfu/m(3)). A total of 25 samples (10%) contained pathogens; Coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n = 12, 4.8%) was the most common pathogen. After controlling for potentially confounding factors by a multiple regression analysis, the surgical stage had the significantly highest correlation with bacterial counts (r = 0.346, p < 0.001). Otherwise, independent factors influencing bacterial counts were the type of surgery (29.85 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 1.28–58.42, p = 0.041), site of procedure (20.19 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 8.24–32.14, p = 0.001), number of indoor staff (4.93 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 1.47–8.38, p = 0.005), surgical staging (36.5 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 24.76–48.25, p < 0.001), and indoor air temperature (9.4 cfu/m(3), 95% CI 1.61–17.18, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Under the well-controlled ventilation system, the mean microbial colony counts obtained by active sampling in different working ORs were low. The number of personnel and their activities critically influence the microbe concentration in the air of the OR. We suggest that ORs doing complex surgeries with more surgical personnel present should increase the frequency of air exchanges. A well-controlled ventilation system and infection control procedures related to environmental and surgical procedures are of paramount importance for reducing microbial colonies in the air. BioMed Central 2018-01-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5749012/ /pubmed/29291707 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2928-1 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Fu Shaw, Ling
Chen, Ian Horng
Chen, Chii Shya
Wu, Hui Hsin
Lai, Li Shing
Chen, Yin Yin
Wang, Fu Der
Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms
title Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms
title_full Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms
title_fullStr Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms
title_short Factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms
title_sort factors influencing microbial colonies in the air of operating rooms
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29291707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2928-1
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