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The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer

Macrophages are major cell types of the immune system, and they comprise both tissue-resident populations and circulating monocyte-derived subsets. Here, we discuss microglia, the resident macrophage within the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS-infiltrating macrophages. Under steady state, micro...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yin, Jie, Valin, Katherine L., Dixon, Michael L., Leavenworth, Jianmei W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29410971
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5150678
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author Yin, Jie
Valin, Katherine L.
Dixon, Michael L.
Leavenworth, Jianmei W.
author_facet Yin, Jie
Valin, Katherine L.
Dixon, Michael L.
Leavenworth, Jianmei W.
author_sort Yin, Jie
collection PubMed
description Macrophages are major cell types of the immune system, and they comprise both tissue-resident populations and circulating monocyte-derived subsets. Here, we discuss microglia, the resident macrophage within the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS-infiltrating macrophages. Under steady state, microglia play important roles in the regulation of CNS homeostasis through the removal of damaged or unnecessary neurons and synapses. In the face of inflammatory or pathological insults, microglia and CNS-infiltrating macrophages not only constitute the first line of defense against pathogens by regulating components of innate immunity, but they also regulate the adaptive arms of immune responses. Dysregulation of these responses contributes to many CNS disorders. In this overview, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the highly diverse and complex function of microglia and macrophages during CNS autoimmunity—multiple sclerosis and cancer—malignant glioma. We emphasize how the crosstalk between natural killer (NK) cells or glioma cells or glioma stem cells and CNS macrophages impacts on the pathological processes. Given the essential role of CNS microglia and macrophages in the regulation of all types of CNS disorders, agents targeting these subsets are currently applied in preclinical and clinical trials. We believe that a better understanding of the biology of these macrophage subsets offers new exciting paths for therapeutic intervention.
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spelling pubmed-57492822018-02-06 The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer Yin, Jie Valin, Katherine L. Dixon, Michael L. Leavenworth, Jianmei W. J Immunol Res Review Article Macrophages are major cell types of the immune system, and they comprise both tissue-resident populations and circulating monocyte-derived subsets. Here, we discuss microglia, the resident macrophage within the central nervous system (CNS), and CNS-infiltrating macrophages. Under steady state, microglia play important roles in the regulation of CNS homeostasis through the removal of damaged or unnecessary neurons and synapses. In the face of inflammatory or pathological insults, microglia and CNS-infiltrating macrophages not only constitute the first line of defense against pathogens by regulating components of innate immunity, but they also regulate the adaptive arms of immune responses. Dysregulation of these responses contributes to many CNS disorders. In this overview, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the highly diverse and complex function of microglia and macrophages during CNS autoimmunity—multiple sclerosis and cancer—malignant glioma. We emphasize how the crosstalk between natural killer (NK) cells or glioma cells or glioma stem cells and CNS macrophages impacts on the pathological processes. Given the essential role of CNS microglia and macrophages in the regulation of all types of CNS disorders, agents targeting these subsets are currently applied in preclinical and clinical trials. We believe that a better understanding of the biology of these macrophage subsets offers new exciting paths for therapeutic intervention. Hindawi 2017 2017-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5749282/ /pubmed/29410971 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5150678 Text en Copyright © 2017 Jie Yin et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Yin, Jie
Valin, Katherine L.
Dixon, Michael L.
Leavenworth, Jianmei W.
The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
title The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
title_full The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
title_fullStr The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
title_short The Role of Microglia and Macrophages in CNS Homeostasis, Autoimmunity, and Cancer
title_sort role of microglia and macrophages in cns homeostasis, autoimmunity, and cancer
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5749282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29410971
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5150678
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