Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Skin Diseases Due to Particulate Matter

This study investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) on human skin diseases by conducting a systematic review of existing literature and performing a meta-analysis. It considered articles reporting an original effect of PM on human skin. From among 918 articles identified, 13 articles were included for further consideration after manual screening of the articles resulted in the exclusion of articles that did not contain data, review articles, editorials, and also articles in languages other than English. Random-effects models and forest plots were used to estimate the effect of PM on the skin by Meta-Disc analysis. According to people’s reports of exposure and negative skin effects (atopic dermatitis (AD), eczema, and skin aging, etc.) due to air pollution, the summary relative risk (odds ratio) of PM(10) was determined to be 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–1.11) whereas PM(2.5) was determined to be 1.04 (95% CI 0.96–1.12). Simultaneously, there was a different extent of impact between PM(10) and PM(2.5) on atopic dermatitis (AD) for those of young age: the odds ratio of PM(10) and PM(2.5) were 0.96 (95% CI 0.83–1.11; I(2) = 62.7%) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.95–1.16; I(2) = 46%), respectively. Furthermore, the results suggest an estimated increase of disease incidence per 10 μg/m(3) PM of 1.01% (0.08–2.05) due to PM(10) and 1.60% (0.45–2.82) due to PM(2.5). Following the results, PM(10) and PM(2.5) are associated with increased risks of human skin diseases, especially AD, whose risk is higher in infants and school children. With its smaller size and a high concentration of metals, PM(2.5) is more closely related to AD in younger people, compared to PM(10).