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Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis
Estrogen-induced apoptosis has become a successful treatment for postmenopausal metastatic, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nitric oxide involvement in the response to this endocrine treatment and its influence upon estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progression is still unclear. Nit...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Impact Journals LLC
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5752490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312577 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21610 |
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author | Shafran, Yana Zurgil, Naomi Ravid-Hermesh, Orit Sobolev, Maria Afrimzon, Elena Hakuk, Yaron Shainberg, Asher Deutsch, Mordechai |
author_facet | Shafran, Yana Zurgil, Naomi Ravid-Hermesh, Orit Sobolev, Maria Afrimzon, Elena Hakuk, Yaron Shainberg, Asher Deutsch, Mordechai |
author_sort | Shafran, Yana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Estrogen-induced apoptosis has become a successful treatment for postmenopausal metastatic, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nitric oxide involvement in the response to this endocrine treatment and its influence upon estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progression is still unclear. Nitric oxide impact on the MCF7 breast cancer line, before and after estrogen-induced apoptosis, was investigated in 3D culture systems using unique live-cell imaging methodologies. Spheroids were established from MCF7 cells vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis, before and after exposure to estrogen. Spheroids derived from estrogen-treated cells exhibited extensive apoptosis levels with downregulation of estrogen receptor expression, low proliferation rate and reduced metabolic activity, unlike spheroids derived from non-treated cells. In addition to basic phenotypic differences, these two cell cluster types are diverse in their reactions to exogenous nitric oxide. A dual effect of nitric oxide was observed in the breast cancer phenotype sensitive to estrogen-induced apoptosis. Nitric oxide, at the nanomolar level, induced cell proliferation, high metabolic activity, downregulation of estrogen receptor and enhanced collective invasion, contributing to a more aggressive phenotype. Following hormone supplementation, breast cancer 3D clusters were rescued from estrogen-induced apoptosis by these low nitric oxide-donor concentrations, since nitric oxide attenuates cell death levels, upregulates survivin expression and increases metabolic activity. Higher nitric oxide concentrations (100nM) inhibited cell growth, metabolism and promoted apoptosis. These results suggest that nitric oxide, in nanomolar concentrations, may inhibit estrogen-induced apoptosis, playing a major role in hormonal therapy. Inhibiting nitric oxide activity may benefit breast cancer patients and ultimately reduce tumor recurrence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5752490 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Impact Journals LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57524902018-01-08 Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis Shafran, Yana Zurgil, Naomi Ravid-Hermesh, Orit Sobolev, Maria Afrimzon, Elena Hakuk, Yaron Shainberg, Asher Deutsch, Mordechai Oncotarget Research Paper Estrogen-induced apoptosis has become a successful treatment for postmenopausal metastatic, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nitric oxide involvement in the response to this endocrine treatment and its influence upon estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer progression is still unclear. Nitric oxide impact on the MCF7 breast cancer line, before and after estrogen-induced apoptosis, was investigated in 3D culture systems using unique live-cell imaging methodologies. Spheroids were established from MCF7 cells vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis, before and after exposure to estrogen. Spheroids derived from estrogen-treated cells exhibited extensive apoptosis levels with downregulation of estrogen receptor expression, low proliferation rate and reduced metabolic activity, unlike spheroids derived from non-treated cells. In addition to basic phenotypic differences, these two cell cluster types are diverse in their reactions to exogenous nitric oxide. A dual effect of nitric oxide was observed in the breast cancer phenotype sensitive to estrogen-induced apoptosis. Nitric oxide, at the nanomolar level, induced cell proliferation, high metabolic activity, downregulation of estrogen receptor and enhanced collective invasion, contributing to a more aggressive phenotype. Following hormone supplementation, breast cancer 3D clusters were rescued from estrogen-induced apoptosis by these low nitric oxide-donor concentrations, since nitric oxide attenuates cell death levels, upregulates survivin expression and increases metabolic activity. Higher nitric oxide concentrations (100nM) inhibited cell growth, metabolism and promoted apoptosis. These results suggest that nitric oxide, in nanomolar concentrations, may inhibit estrogen-induced apoptosis, playing a major role in hormonal therapy. Inhibiting nitric oxide activity may benefit breast cancer patients and ultimately reduce tumor recurrence. Impact Journals LLC 2017-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5752490/ /pubmed/29312577 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21610 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Shafran et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Shafran, Yana Zurgil, Naomi Ravid-Hermesh, Orit Sobolev, Maria Afrimzon, Elena Hakuk, Yaron Shainberg, Asher Deutsch, Mordechai Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis |
title | Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis |
title_full | Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis |
title_fullStr | Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis |
title_short | Nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis |
title_sort | nitric oxide is cytoprotective to breast cancer spheroids vulnerable to estrogen-induced apoptosis |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5752490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312577 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21610 |
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