Anterior infectious necrotizing scleritis secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection following intravitreal ranibizumab injection

PURPOSE: To report the occurrence and management of severe infectious scleritis in a 75 year-old woman following intravitreal ranibizumab injection. OBSERVATIONS: A 75 year-old monocular woman receiving monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injection for wet age related macular degeneration in the left eye presented with severe dull pain, decreased vision, and scleral melt with discharge 2 weeks after her last injection. The dilated fundus exam was devoid of vitritis. The patient was admitted to our hospital for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. She was initially started on aggressive oral and topical antibiotics, but showed no significant improvement. The scleral cultures were positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In view of the aggressive nature of her infection, intravenous antibiotics were added to the treatment regimen. The patient recovered her baseline visual function after two weeks of intravenous, oral and, topical antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: To our knowledge, this is the first case of anterior infectious necrotizing scleritis secondary to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection following intravitreal ranibizumab injection. Clinicians performing intravitreal injections should have a high index of suspicion for iatrogenic infections including scleritis and endophthalmitis, as these infections require aggressive topical and systemic antibiotics as well as possible hospitalization.