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Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences?
INTRODUCTION: Previous research has suggested that consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMED) increases overall alcohol consumption. However, there is limited research examining whether energy drinks are unique in their effects when mixed with alcohol, when compared with alcohol mixed with ot...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove Medical Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5759859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29379310 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S143476 |
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author | Johnson, Sean J Alford, Chris Stewart, Karina Verster, Joris C |
author_facet | Johnson, Sean J Alford, Chris Stewart, Karina Verster, Joris C |
author_sort | Johnson, Sean J |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Previous research has suggested that consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMED) increases overall alcohol consumption. However, there is limited research examining whether energy drinks are unique in their effects when mixed with alcohol, when compared with alcohol mixed with other caffeinated mixers (AOCM). Therefore, the aim of this survey was to investigate alcohol consumption on AMED occasions, to that on other occasions when the same individuals consumed AOCM or alcohol only (AO). METHODS: A UK-wide online student survey collected data on the frequency of alcohol consumption and quantity consumed, as well as the number of negative alcohol-related consequences reported on AO, AMED and AOCM occasions (N=250). RESULTS: Within-subjects analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on a standard and a heavy drinking session between AMED and AOCM drinking occasions. However, the number of standard mixers typically consumed was significantly lower on AMED occasions compared with AOCM occasions. In addition, when consuming AMED, students reported significantly fewer days consuming 5 or more alcohol drinks, fewer days mixing drinks, and fewer days being drunk, compared with when consuming AOCM. There were no significant differences in the number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences on AMED occasions to AOCM occasions. Of importance, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences were significantly less on both AMED and AOCM occasions compared with AO occasions. CONCLUSION: The findings that heavy alcohol consumption occurs significantly less often on AMED occasions compared with AOCM occasions is in opposition to some earlier claims implying that greatest alcohol consumption occurs with AMED. The overall greatest alcohol consumption and associated negative consequences were clearly associated with AO occasions. Negative consequences for AMED and AOCM drinking occasions were similar, suggesting that energy drink was comparable with AOCM in this regard. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5759859 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Dove Medical Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57598592018-01-29 Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? Johnson, Sean J Alford, Chris Stewart, Karina Verster, Joris C Int J Gen Med Original Research INTRODUCTION: Previous research has suggested that consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMED) increases overall alcohol consumption. However, there is limited research examining whether energy drinks are unique in their effects when mixed with alcohol, when compared with alcohol mixed with other caffeinated mixers (AOCM). Therefore, the aim of this survey was to investigate alcohol consumption on AMED occasions, to that on other occasions when the same individuals consumed AOCM or alcohol only (AO). METHODS: A UK-wide online student survey collected data on the frequency of alcohol consumption and quantity consumed, as well as the number of negative alcohol-related consequences reported on AO, AMED and AOCM occasions (N=250). RESULTS: Within-subjects analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on a standard and a heavy drinking session between AMED and AOCM drinking occasions. However, the number of standard mixers typically consumed was significantly lower on AMED occasions compared with AOCM occasions. In addition, when consuming AMED, students reported significantly fewer days consuming 5 or more alcohol drinks, fewer days mixing drinks, and fewer days being drunk, compared with when consuming AOCM. There were no significant differences in the number of reported negative alcohol-related consequences on AMED occasions to AOCM occasions. Of importance, alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences were significantly less on both AMED and AOCM occasions compared with AO occasions. CONCLUSION: The findings that heavy alcohol consumption occurs significantly less often on AMED occasions compared with AOCM occasions is in opposition to some earlier claims implying that greatest alcohol consumption occurs with AMED. The overall greatest alcohol consumption and associated negative consequences were clearly associated with AO occasions. Negative consequences for AMED and AOCM drinking occasions were similar, suggesting that energy drink was comparable with AOCM in this regard. Dove Medical Press 2018-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5759859/ /pubmed/29379310 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S143476 Text en © 2018 Johnson et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Johnson, Sean J Alford, Chris Stewart, Karina Verster, Joris C Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? |
title | Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? |
title_full | Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? |
title_fullStr | Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? |
title_full_unstemmed | Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? |
title_short | Are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? |
title_sort | are energy drinks unique mixers in terms of their effects on alcohol consumption and negative alcohol-related consequences? |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5759859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29379310 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S143476 |
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