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Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview

Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide and often contributes to various health complications later in life. More than 60% of PTBs occur in Africa and south Asia. This overview discusses the available information on o...

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Autores principales: Kumar, Sunil, Sharma, Surendra, Thaker, Riddhi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5763842/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391742
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_155_16
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author Kumar, Sunil
Sharma, Surendra
Thaker, Riddhi
author_facet Kumar, Sunil
Sharma, Surendra
Thaker, Riddhi
author_sort Kumar, Sunil
collection PubMed
description Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide and often contributes to various health complications later in life. More than 60% of PTBs occur in Africa and south Asia. This overview discusses the available information on occupational, environmental, and lifestyle factors and their contribution to PTB and proposes new etiological explanations that underlie this devastating pregnancy complication. Several factors such as emotional, stress, social, racial, maternal anxiety, multiple pregnancies, infections during pregnancy, diabetes and high blood pressure, and in-vitro fertilization pregnancy have been shown to be associated with PTB. Data are emerging that occupational, environmental exposure and lifestyle factors might also be associated in part with PTB, however, they are at best limited and inconclusive. Nevertheless, data on heavy metals such as lead, air pollutants and particulate matters, bisphenol A, phthalate compounds, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are promising and point to higher incidence of PTB associated with exposure to them. Thus, these observations can be used to advise pregnant women or women of reproductive age to avoid such exposures and adopt positive lifestyle to protect pregnancy and normal fetal development. There is a need to conduct well-planned epidemiological studies that include all the pathology causing factors that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PTB.
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spelling pubmed-57638422018-02-01 Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview Kumar, Sunil Sharma, Surendra Thaker, Riddhi Indian J Occup Environ Med Review Article Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant public health concern and a leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity worldwide and often contributes to various health complications later in life. More than 60% of PTBs occur in Africa and south Asia. This overview discusses the available information on occupational, environmental, and lifestyle factors and their contribution to PTB and proposes new etiological explanations that underlie this devastating pregnancy complication. Several factors such as emotional, stress, social, racial, maternal anxiety, multiple pregnancies, infections during pregnancy, diabetes and high blood pressure, and in-vitro fertilization pregnancy have been shown to be associated with PTB. Data are emerging that occupational, environmental exposure and lifestyle factors might also be associated in part with PTB, however, they are at best limited and inconclusive. Nevertheless, data on heavy metals such as lead, air pollutants and particulate matters, bisphenol A, phthalate compounds, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are promising and point to higher incidence of PTB associated with exposure to them. Thus, these observations can be used to advise pregnant women or women of reproductive age to avoid such exposures and adopt positive lifestyle to protect pregnancy and normal fetal development. There is a need to conduct well-planned epidemiological studies that include all the pathology causing factors that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PTB. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5763842/ /pubmed/29391742 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_155_16 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kumar, Sunil
Sharma, Surendra
Thaker, Riddhi
Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview
title Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview
title_full Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview
title_fullStr Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview
title_full_unstemmed Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview
title_short Occupational, Environmental, and Lifestyle Factors and their Contribution to Preterm Birth – An Overview
title_sort occupational, environmental, and lifestyle factors and their contribution to preterm birth – an overview
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5763842/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29391742
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_155_16
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