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The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort
BACKGROUND: Obesity is known to be a major risk factor for diabetes, but the magnitude of risk and variation between blacks and whites are less well documented in populations heavily affected by obesity. Herein we assess rates and risks of incident diabetes in a diverse southern population where obe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5764338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29324894 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190993 |
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author | Conway, Baqiyyah N. Han, Xijing Munro, Heather M. Gross, Amy L. Shu, Xiao-Ou Hargreaves, Margaret K. Zheng, Wei Powers, Alvin C. Blot, William J. |
author_facet | Conway, Baqiyyah N. Han, Xijing Munro, Heather M. Gross, Amy L. Shu, Xiao-Ou Hargreaves, Margaret K. Zheng, Wei Powers, Alvin C. Blot, William J. |
author_sort | Conway, Baqiyyah N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Obesity is known to be a major risk factor for diabetes, but the magnitude of risk and variation between blacks and whites are less well documented in populations heavily affected by obesity. Herein we assess rates and risks of incident diabetes in a diverse southern population where obesity is common. METHODS: A total of 24,000 black and 14,064 white adults aged 40–79 in the Southern Community Cohort Study with no self-reported diabetes at study enrollment during 2002–2009 was followed for up to 10 (median 4.5) years. Incidence rates, odds ratios (OR) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI) for medication-treated incident diabetes were determined according to body mass index (BMI) and other characteristics, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, healthy eating and physical activity indices, and socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: Risk of incident diabetes rose monotonically with increasing BMI, but the trends differed between blacks and whites (p(interaction) < .0001). Adjusted ORs (CIs) for diabetes among those with BMI≥40 vs 20–25 kg/m(2) were 11.9 (8.4–16.8) for whites and 4.0 (3.3–4.8) for blacks. Diabetes incidence was more than twice as high among blacks than whites of normal BMI, but the racial difference became attenuated as BMI rose, with estimated 5-year probabilities of developing diabetes approaching 20% for both blacks and whites with BMI≥40 kg/m(2). Diabetes risk was also associated with low SES, significantly (p(interaction)≤.02) more so for whites, current cigarette smoking, and lower healthy eating and physical activity indices, although high BMI remained the predominant risk factor among both blacks and whites. From baseline prevalence and 20-year projections of the incidence trends, we estimate that the large majority of surviving cohort participants with BMI≥40 kg/m(2) will be diagnosed with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Even using conservative criteria to ascertain diabetes incidence (i.e., requiring diabetes medication use and ignoring undiagnosed cases), rates of obesity-associated diabetes were exceptionally high in this low-income adult population. The findings indicate that effective strategies to halt the rising prevalence of obesity are needed to avoid substantial increases in diabetes in coming years. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5764338 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57643382018-01-23 The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort Conway, Baqiyyah N. Han, Xijing Munro, Heather M. Gross, Amy L. Shu, Xiao-Ou Hargreaves, Margaret K. Zheng, Wei Powers, Alvin C. Blot, William J. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Obesity is known to be a major risk factor for diabetes, but the magnitude of risk and variation between blacks and whites are less well documented in populations heavily affected by obesity. Herein we assess rates and risks of incident diabetes in a diverse southern population where obesity is common. METHODS: A total of 24,000 black and 14,064 white adults aged 40–79 in the Southern Community Cohort Study with no self-reported diabetes at study enrollment during 2002–2009 was followed for up to 10 (median 4.5) years. Incidence rates, odds ratios (OR) and accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI) for medication-treated incident diabetes were determined according to body mass index (BMI) and other characteristics, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, healthy eating and physical activity indices, and socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: Risk of incident diabetes rose monotonically with increasing BMI, but the trends differed between blacks and whites (p(interaction) < .0001). Adjusted ORs (CIs) for diabetes among those with BMI≥40 vs 20–25 kg/m(2) were 11.9 (8.4–16.8) for whites and 4.0 (3.3–4.8) for blacks. Diabetes incidence was more than twice as high among blacks than whites of normal BMI, but the racial difference became attenuated as BMI rose, with estimated 5-year probabilities of developing diabetes approaching 20% for both blacks and whites with BMI≥40 kg/m(2). Diabetes risk was also associated with low SES, significantly (p(interaction)≤.02) more so for whites, current cigarette smoking, and lower healthy eating and physical activity indices, although high BMI remained the predominant risk factor among both blacks and whites. From baseline prevalence and 20-year projections of the incidence trends, we estimate that the large majority of surviving cohort participants with BMI≥40 kg/m(2) will be diagnosed with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Even using conservative criteria to ascertain diabetes incidence (i.e., requiring diabetes medication use and ignoring undiagnosed cases), rates of obesity-associated diabetes were exceptionally high in this low-income adult population. The findings indicate that effective strategies to halt the rising prevalence of obesity are needed to avoid substantial increases in diabetes in coming years. Public Library of Science 2018-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5764338/ /pubmed/29324894 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190993 Text en © 2018 Conway et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Conway, Baqiyyah N. Han, Xijing Munro, Heather M. Gross, Amy L. Shu, Xiao-Ou Hargreaves, Margaret K. Zheng, Wei Powers, Alvin C. Blot, William J. The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort |
title | The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort |
title_full | The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort |
title_fullStr | The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort |
title_full_unstemmed | The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort |
title_short | The obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern US cohort |
title_sort | obesity epidemic and rising diabetes incidence in a low-income racially diverse southern us cohort |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5764338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29324894 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190993 |
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