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Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis

BACKGROUND: The aim was to study urinary angiostatin, CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as biomarkers of renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD: Patients who fulfilled ≥ 4 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE with ac...

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Autores principales: Mok, Chi Chiu, Soliman, Samar, Ho, Ling Yin, Mohamed, Fatma A., Mohamed, Faten Ismail, Mohan, Chandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5765646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29325582
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1498-3
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author Mok, Chi Chiu
Soliman, Samar
Ho, Ling Yin
Mohamed, Fatma A.
Mohamed, Faten Ismail
Mohan, Chandra
author_facet Mok, Chi Chiu
Soliman, Samar
Ho, Ling Yin
Mohamed, Fatma A.
Mohamed, Faten Ismail
Mohan, Chandra
author_sort Mok, Chi Chiu
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The aim was to study urinary angiostatin, CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as biomarkers of renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD: Patients who fulfilled ≥ 4 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE with active renal, active non-renal or inactive disease, and a group of healthy controls were studied. Urine samples were assayed for angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 by ELISA, and normalized by creatinine. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to obtain the best cutoff values to calculate the performance of these markers in differentiating the different groups of patients as compared to anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and complement C3. Correlation between these urinary biomarkers and various renal parameters was also tested. RESULTS: Patients with SLE (n = 227; 80 with inactive SLE, 67 with active non-renal disease and 80 with active renal disease; 94% women; age 39.2 ± 13.8 years) and 53 controls (96% women) were studied. All were ethnic Chinese. Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 (normalized for creatinine) were significantly higher in patients with active renal disease than in patients with active non-renal disease, patients with inactive SLE and controls. These markers correlated significantly with total SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and renal SLEDAI scores, and with the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Urine angiostatin exhibited higher specificity and sensitivity in differentiating active renal from active non-renal SLE (area under the curve (AUC) 0.87) than serum anti-dsDNA/C3. Urine CXCL4 (AUC 0.64) and VCAM-1 (AUC 0.73), on the other hand, performed similarly to anti-dsDNA/C3. All three markers performed comparably to anti-dsDNA/C3 in distinguishing active from inactive SLE. In a subgroup of 68 patients with paired renal biopsy, the urinary levels of these proteins did not differ significantly between the proliferative and non-proliferative types of lupus nephritis. Urinary CXCL4 and VCAM-1 correlated significantly with the histologic activity score, and urinary angiostatin correlated significantly with proteinuria in this subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 are potential biomarkers for SLE, in particular lupus nephritis. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to delineate the performance of these markers in predicting renal flares and prognosis in SLE patients.
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spelling pubmed-57656462018-01-17 Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis Mok, Chi Chiu Soliman, Samar Ho, Ling Yin Mohamed, Fatma A. Mohamed, Faten Ismail Mohan, Chandra Arthritis Res Ther Research Article BACKGROUND: The aim was to study urinary angiostatin, CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as biomarkers of renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD: Patients who fulfilled ≥ 4 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for SLE with active renal, active non-renal or inactive disease, and a group of healthy controls were studied. Urine samples were assayed for angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 by ELISA, and normalized by creatinine. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to obtain the best cutoff values to calculate the performance of these markers in differentiating the different groups of patients as compared to anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and complement C3. Correlation between these urinary biomarkers and various renal parameters was also tested. RESULTS: Patients with SLE (n = 227; 80 with inactive SLE, 67 with active non-renal disease and 80 with active renal disease; 94% women; age 39.2 ± 13.8 years) and 53 controls (96% women) were studied. All were ethnic Chinese. Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 (normalized for creatinine) were significantly higher in patients with active renal disease than in patients with active non-renal disease, patients with inactive SLE and controls. These markers correlated significantly with total SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and renal SLEDAI scores, and with the urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. Urine angiostatin exhibited higher specificity and sensitivity in differentiating active renal from active non-renal SLE (area under the curve (AUC) 0.87) than serum anti-dsDNA/C3. Urine CXCL4 (AUC 0.64) and VCAM-1 (AUC 0.73), on the other hand, performed similarly to anti-dsDNA/C3. All three markers performed comparably to anti-dsDNA/C3 in distinguishing active from inactive SLE. In a subgroup of 68 patients with paired renal biopsy, the urinary levels of these proteins did not differ significantly between the proliferative and non-proliferative types of lupus nephritis. Urinary CXCL4 and VCAM-1 correlated significantly with the histologic activity score, and urinary angiostatin correlated significantly with proteinuria in this subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 are potential biomarkers for SLE, in particular lupus nephritis. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to delineate the performance of these markers in predicting renal flares and prognosis in SLE patients. BioMed Central 2018-01-11 2018 /pmc/articles/PMC5765646/ /pubmed/29325582 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1498-3 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Mok, Chi Chiu
Soliman, Samar
Ho, Ling Yin
Mohamed, Fatma A.
Mohamed, Faten Ismail
Mohan, Chandra
Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis
title Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis
title_full Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis
title_fullStr Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis
title_full_unstemmed Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis
title_short Urinary angiostatin, CXCL4 and VCAM-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis
title_sort urinary angiostatin, cxcl4 and vcam-1 as biomarkers of lupus nephritis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5765646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29325582
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1498-3
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