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Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation
Detecting exposure to new or emerging pathogens is a critical challenge to protecting human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. Yet, current techniques to detect infections typically target known pathogens of humans or economically important animals. In the face of the current surge in infectious...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5768611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01944 |
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author | Glidden, Caroline K. Beechler, Brianna Buss, Peter Erik Charleston, Bryan de Klerk-Lorist, Lin-Mari Maree, Francois Frederick Muller, Timothy Pérez-Martin, Eva Scott, Katherine Anne van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis Jolles, Anna |
author_facet | Glidden, Caroline K. Beechler, Brianna Buss, Peter Erik Charleston, Bryan de Klerk-Lorist, Lin-Mari Maree, Francois Frederick Muller, Timothy Pérez-Martin, Eva Scott, Katherine Anne van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis Jolles, Anna |
author_sort | Glidden, Caroline K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Detecting exposure to new or emerging pathogens is a critical challenge to protecting human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. Yet, current techniques to detect infections typically target known pathogens of humans or economically important animals. In the face of the current surge in infectious disease emergence, non-specific disease surveillance tools are urgently needed. Tracking common host immune responses indicative of recent infection may have potential as a non-specific diagnostic approach for disease surveillance. The challenge to immunologists is to identify the most promising markers, which ideally should be highly conserved across pathogens and host species, become upregulated rapidly and consistently in response to pathogen invasion, and remain elevated beyond clearance of infection. This study combined an infection experiment and a longitudinal observational study to evaluate the utility of non-specific markers of inflammation [NSMI; two acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid A), two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNF-α)] as indicators of pathogen exposure in a wild mammalian species, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Specifically, in the experimental study, we asked (1) How quickly do buffalo mount NSMI responses upon challenge with an endemic pathogen, foot-and-mouth disease virus; (2) for how long do NSMI remain elevated after viral clearance and; (3) how pronounced is the difference between peak NSMI concentration and baseline NSMI concentration? In the longitudinal study, we asked (4) Are elevated NSMI associated with recent exposure to a suite of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens in a wild population? Among the four NSMI that we tested, haptoglobin showed the strongest potential as a surveillance marker in African buffalo: concentrations quickly and consistently reached high levels in response to experimental infection, remaining elevated for almost a month. Moreover, elevated haptoglobin was indicative of recent exposure to two respiratory pathogens assessed in the longitudinal study. We hope this work motivates studies investigating suites of NSMI as indicators for pathogen exposure in a broader range of both pathogen and host species, potentially transforming how we track disease burden in natural populations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5768611 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-57686112018-01-26 Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation Glidden, Caroline K. Beechler, Brianna Buss, Peter Erik Charleston, Bryan de Klerk-Lorist, Lin-Mari Maree, Francois Frederick Muller, Timothy Pérez-Martin, Eva Scott, Katherine Anne van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis Jolles, Anna Front Immunol Immunology Detecting exposure to new or emerging pathogens is a critical challenge to protecting human, domestic animal, and wildlife health. Yet, current techniques to detect infections typically target known pathogens of humans or economically important animals. In the face of the current surge in infectious disease emergence, non-specific disease surveillance tools are urgently needed. Tracking common host immune responses indicative of recent infection may have potential as a non-specific diagnostic approach for disease surveillance. The challenge to immunologists is to identify the most promising markers, which ideally should be highly conserved across pathogens and host species, become upregulated rapidly and consistently in response to pathogen invasion, and remain elevated beyond clearance of infection. This study combined an infection experiment and a longitudinal observational study to evaluate the utility of non-specific markers of inflammation [NSMI; two acute phase proteins (haptoglobin and serum amyloid A), two pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ and TNF-α)] as indicators of pathogen exposure in a wild mammalian species, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Specifically, in the experimental study, we asked (1) How quickly do buffalo mount NSMI responses upon challenge with an endemic pathogen, foot-and-mouth disease virus; (2) for how long do NSMI remain elevated after viral clearance and; (3) how pronounced is the difference between peak NSMI concentration and baseline NSMI concentration? In the longitudinal study, we asked (4) Are elevated NSMI associated with recent exposure to a suite of bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens in a wild population? Among the four NSMI that we tested, haptoglobin showed the strongest potential as a surveillance marker in African buffalo: concentrations quickly and consistently reached high levels in response to experimental infection, remaining elevated for almost a month. Moreover, elevated haptoglobin was indicative of recent exposure to two respiratory pathogens assessed in the longitudinal study. We hope this work motivates studies investigating suites of NSMI as indicators for pathogen exposure in a broader range of both pathogen and host species, potentially transforming how we track disease burden in natural populations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5768611/ /pubmed/29375568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01944 Text en Copyright © 2018 Glidden, Beechler, Buss, Charleston, de Klerk-Lorist, Maree, Muller, Pérez-Martin, Scott, van Schalkwyk and Jolles. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Glidden, Caroline K. Beechler, Brianna Buss, Peter Erik Charleston, Bryan de Klerk-Lorist, Lin-Mari Maree, Francois Frederick Muller, Timothy Pérez-Martin, Eva Scott, Katherine Anne van Schalkwyk, Ockert Louis Jolles, Anna Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation |
title | Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation |
title_full | Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation |
title_fullStr | Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation |
title_short | Detection of Pathogen Exposure in African Buffalo Using Non-Specific Markers of Inflammation |
title_sort | detection of pathogen exposure in african buffalo using non-specific markers of inflammation |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5768611/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01944 |
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