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Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity

The physiological impact of agricultural pollution, habitat disturbance, and food source variability on amphibian remains poorly understood. By comparing the composition and predicted functions of gut microbiota of two frog species from forest and farmland, we quantified the effects of the exogenous...

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Autores principales: Huang, Bing-Hong, Chang, Chun-Wen, Huang, Chih-Wei, Gao, Jian, Liao, Pei-Chun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5768659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02670
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author Huang, Bing-Hong
Chang, Chun-Wen
Huang, Chih-Wei
Gao, Jian
Liao, Pei-Chun
author_facet Huang, Bing-Hong
Chang, Chun-Wen
Huang, Chih-Wei
Gao, Jian
Liao, Pei-Chun
author_sort Huang, Bing-Hong
collection PubMed
description The physiological impact of agricultural pollution, habitat disturbance, and food source variability on amphibian remains poorly understood. By comparing the composition and predicted functions of gut microbiota of two frog species from forest and farmland, we quantified the effects of the exogenous environment and endogenous filters on gut microbiota and the corresponding functions. However, compositional differences of the gut microbiota between the frog species were not detected, even when removing roughly 80–88% of the confounding effect produced by common and shared bacteria (i.e., generalists) and those taxa deemed too rare. The habitat effect accounted for 14.1% of the compositional difference of gut microbial specialists, but host and host × habitat effects were not significant. Similar trends of a significant habitat effect, at an even higher level (26.0%), for the physiological and metabolic functions of gut microbiota was predicted. A very obvious skewing of the relative abundance of functional groups toward farmland habitats reflects the highly diverse bacterial functions of farmland frogs, in particular related to pathogenic disease and pesticide degradation, which may be indication of poor adaptation or strong selective pressure against disease. These patterns reflect the impacts of agricultural activities on frogs and how such stresses may be applied in an unequal manner for different frog species.
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spelling pubmed-57686592018-01-26 Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity Huang, Bing-Hong Chang, Chun-Wen Huang, Chih-Wei Gao, Jian Liao, Pei-Chun Front Microbiol Microbiology The physiological impact of agricultural pollution, habitat disturbance, and food source variability on amphibian remains poorly understood. By comparing the composition and predicted functions of gut microbiota of two frog species from forest and farmland, we quantified the effects of the exogenous environment and endogenous filters on gut microbiota and the corresponding functions. However, compositional differences of the gut microbiota between the frog species were not detected, even when removing roughly 80–88% of the confounding effect produced by common and shared bacteria (i.e., generalists) and those taxa deemed too rare. The habitat effect accounted for 14.1% of the compositional difference of gut microbial specialists, but host and host × habitat effects were not significant. Similar trends of a significant habitat effect, at an even higher level (26.0%), for the physiological and metabolic functions of gut microbiota was predicted. A very obvious skewing of the relative abundance of functional groups toward farmland habitats reflects the highly diverse bacterial functions of farmland frogs, in particular related to pathogenic disease and pesticide degradation, which may be indication of poor adaptation or strong selective pressure against disease. These patterns reflect the impacts of agricultural activities on frogs and how such stresses may be applied in an unequal manner for different frog species. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5768659/ /pubmed/29375532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02670 Text en Copyright © 2018 Huang, Chang, Huang, Gao and Liao. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Huang, Bing-Hong
Chang, Chun-Wen
Huang, Chih-Wei
Gao, Jian
Liao, Pei-Chun
Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity
title Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity
title_full Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity
title_fullStr Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity
title_full_unstemmed Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity
title_short Composition and Functional Specialists of the Gut Microbiota of Frogs Reflect Habitat Differences and Agricultural Activity
title_sort composition and functional specialists of the gut microbiota of frogs reflect habitat differences and agricultural activity
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5768659/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29375532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02670
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